The Capitalist Future: A Consequence of Calvinist Annunciation :: essays research papers fc

The Capitalist Future: A Consequence of Calvinist Annunciation In his work, The Protestant Ethic and the Spirit of Capitalism, Weber predicts that the future will be a world of "mechanized perfection" devoid of "religious and ethical meaning." In this world modern capitalism becomes a self sustaining system no longer needing the Calvinist religious impetus that had inspired the work ethic. Weber argues that the future will be a capitalistic society, where the proletariat and the bourgeoisie alike, will not be driven by religious motivation, but instead by a constant struggle to benefit from the system. He reasons that this future of the capitalist society is a direct consequence of the teachings of Calvinism. The Calvinist work ethic of 'living to work' forms the core of modern capitalism. This ethic originated from the Calvinist doctrine of predestination and the notion of a transcendental God. Predestination decrees that God has already picked out who those "predestined into everlasting life" (100) and those "foreordained to everlasting death" (100). Calvinists also believe that God, a distant "grand conception" (164) who is "beyond all human comprehension," (164) is unreachable. Both these beliefs together eliminated any possibility of appeasing God through service or sacrifice. The answer to the question whether believers were the chosen or the damned could thus neither be influenced nor known. If, however, one turned his work into a 'calling,' restricting any desire to wasteful pleasure, he could experience a feeling of assurance that he is indeed a member of the Elect. Calvinism preached this ascetic ethic of hard work and complete absence of frivolous waste of money and time. As a result, the work ethic of the population shifted from 'working to live' to 'living to work.' Traditional capitalism which relied on the "greedy maximization of profit in a one-shot enterprise," (14) became the rational modern capitalism, a continuous cycle involving the constant "productive investment of capital." (172) The Calvinist teachings demanded honest dealings in business, steady production and sales, and continuous savings and reinvestment which no doubt led to phenomenal business growth and success. Weber illustrates in the following quote: "When the limitation of consumption is combined with the release of acquisitive activity, the inevitable practical result is obvious: accumulation of capital through ascetic compulsion to save." (172) This "diligent and frugal" (175) attitude made people richer and "material goods gained an increasing and finally an inexorable power over the lives of men." (181) The dependence on external goods went from the "light cloak which can be thrown aside at any moment" (181) to a necessity, or as Weber puts it, an "iron cage." (181) The so called acetic lifestyle now led to an increased

Wall Street

How far will you go to be successful? How far will you go to win? Nothing can illustrate the lengths that a person is willing to take just to profit than in the cutthroat world of stocks. And no place in the world is more ruthless than Wall Street. Wall Street (Stone, 1987) takes its viewers to a behind-the-scenes look at this place in the world where people live and feed on stocks. The entirety of the film tackles a lot of moral conflicts that are involved in the business dealings done within the movie. This is Oliver Stone’s criticism of the mentality of the people who utilized illegal means just to get the biggest profit in the quickest time. Stone criticism not only targeted the corporate raiders whose practices were being exposed in the insider trading scandal in the 1980s, but it was a critique on the quick-buck culture that was prevalent then and even at this time. THE PLOT The plot is traditional and formulaic. A young hotshot, wanting to be successful, gets the opportunity when his persistence pays off as he is hired by a famous veteran. The rookie takes on the job albeit the discovery of the illegalities of the methods. He gets the perks and the movie shows its audience the grandiose rewards he gets. When a conflict of interest arises, he goes against the veteran. He loses everything yet he gets his payback. This has been a formula for a number of movies, and Wall Street is no exception. The young, idealistic hotshot here is Bud Fox, played by Charlie Sheen. He is a stockbroker for a lesser-known Wall Street firm. The hotshot is a dreamer. In one scene in the movie where he just lost a lot of money because of a client, he utters that he dreams of being on the other side of the call sometimes. In subsequent scenes too, it can be observed that Bud does not dream of being a stockbroker forever. To achieve that dream, he constantly calls the office of his hero for a chance of getting an audience and ultimately, impressing him to gain employment under his hero’s wing. The veteran, excessively rich and wealthy, and the movie protagonist’s hero is Gordon Gekko. This role led Michael Douglas to garnering an Academy Award of Lead Performance by an Actor. He is indeed truly worthy of the award as he portrayed the cold and vicious yet in some way appealing Gekko to the hilt. Gekko represents the ultimate corporate raider, the Wall Street shark who buys and closes down companies under their noses for his profit. Yet his methods, though disagreeable, are effective and masterfully justified as evidenced by his Greed is good speech in the movie (to be discussed later). On Gekko’s birthday, Bud shows up in Gekko’s office with a box of Davidoff cigars as a present and a bribe to finally get the opportunity he has been waiting for. Desperate to impress Gekko, Bud blurts out insider information that his father Carl (played by Martin Sheen, Charlie’s real-life father) revealed to him about BlueStar airlines. Carl works for BlueStar and also serves as a union leader there. When Gekko profits out of Bud’s tip, he saw something in the kid that he liked. He saw the killer instinct, the will and determination to do whatever it takes to succeed. He saw a bit of himself in Bud, as he revealed later on in the movie. He then employs Bud to work for him but not as an ordinary broker. He asks Bud to spy on his competition and other illegal acts. At first, Bud hesitates but he eventually agrees. He is rewarded with his works, and not without extravagance. Bud enjoys the luxurious life that his work with Gekko provided for him. The main conflict of the film arises when Bud decides to make BlueStar competitive. Bud enthusiastically pushes forward his proposals to Gekko. Gekko, on the other hand, agrees with the proposals armed with contrasting intentions compared to that of Bud’s. When Gekko and Bud present their plan to BlueStar representatives, including Carl, Carl voices out his opposition as he sees behind the guise that Gekko puts on. Yet, Bud remains to be sold by Gekko’s deception. It did not take much time before Bud realizes what Gekko’s plan really is. When Bud learns that Gekko plans to sell the hangars and planes, he confronts Gekko. When asked why he was wrecking BlueStar, Gekko answers, â€Å"Because it’s wreckable.† From there, Bud sets off a plan to save BlueStar. Eventually they do but not without consequences. Bud is arrested for illegal insider trading by the SEC. Still, he manages to get payback as he lures Gekko into a trap and thus managing to record Gekko’s confession of guilt on tape. The film ends with Bud walking on the steps of a courthouse on his way to his sentencing. ISSUES The Quick-Buck mentality vs. Hard Work and Fair Play Wall Street can be likened to a battle of two fathers over the moral consciousness of a son. This is not the only movie where Stone used this concept. His Vietnam War movie Platoon also shares this conflict (where Charlie Sheen also portrays the role of the â€Å"son† torn between two fathers, one good and another evil). In Wall Street, Carl Fox and Gordon Gekko represent the two opposing sides in the contest over the moral beliefs of Bud Fox, the â€Å"son†. Gekko represents the cutthroat businessman who resorts to all means to gain the biggest profit in the easiest way. He does so through illegal means but not without justification. The list of his reasons is not uncommon and yet is still popularly used even up to these times to justify wrongdoings. These include excuses like â€Å"Everybody does it†, â€Å"There’s something in this for everybody†, â€Å"Nobody gets hurt†, â€Å"As long as we don’t get caught†, etc. This promotes dishonesty in business dealings. But as shown by Gekko, it is this type of people who get to be on top of the hill. The ruthless, the cunning, or the relentless are the ones who succeed and eat up those who strive to compete in the merciless world of business. The implication of the justifications Gekko provides for his actions can be summed up in the common adage, saying that â€Å"if you can’t beat them, join them†. Surely, there are other people in the real world that are similar in nature to Gekko, people who become extremely successful using unethical methods. Competing with these people is one Herculean task to surmount. Thus, there are those who give up on competing with such sharks on ethical grounds and are consequently influenced to follow their lead. In today’s world, it is not surprising to find people like Gekko and the quick-buck mentality that they adhere to, where they prioritize profit over anything else including morals and services to their clients. On the other hand, Carl Fox represents the people who advocate hard work and honesty in business dealings. Carl Fox is not the only character in the film that adheres to such philosophy. One superior of Bud in the Wall Street firm stated, in one of the earlier scenes, that â€Å"good things sometimes take time.† He cites IBM and Hilton as examples. This is a direct contrast to Gekko’s impatient and short-term approach towards business. Success, via the ethical way, takes time. But eventually it will come to those who work hard and remain ethical in their ways. This kind of thinking seems to be overshadowed by the prevalent success of the Gekko-like businessmen. Despite that, there are those who remain stern to keeping their methods unstained by illegalities. They preach that hard work will reap its benefits but it takes time. Gekko scoffs at this conception citing his father as an example of a hardworking man who worked all his life and died of mediocrity. In the present day, there are those who steadfastly hold on to this principle despite all the satirical points made against their cause. Bud Fox in the movie represents the â€Å"son† torn between two fathers, namely Gekko and Carl. He is the student confused on which school of thought to pursue, the quick-buck or fair play. This is actually a mirror of today’s world. Stone intended this movie to reflect the rugged financial wheeling and dealing that is actually happening, especially at the time when the movie was made. The playing field is so dominated by players who have regard profit, wealth and winning above any other consideration. What Bud Fox represents is the individual player who is given a choice on which side to choose, the cunning majority or the blue-collar minority. Stone’s message is a dark warning for those who follow Gekko’s way. As one of Bud’s bosses says it, â€Å"Enjoy it while it lasts, because it never does.† The film ends with both Fox and Gekko getting prosecuted. They may enjoy the riches brought about by their illegal actions but time will come when their misdoings will collect their due. Meanwhile, those who do not heed the call of the â€Å"easy money† are bound to have no worries of retribution. Greed is good? The highlight of the film, what significantly won Michael Douglas his Oscar for Acting, is the scene where he delivers the Greed is Good speech. Such conception was the popular mindset (and alibi) for the profit-obsessed culture in the 1980s market that Stone was criticizing. By this scene, Stone shows his viewers the kind of eloquence and guts that people like Gekko have in defending the actions they do. This scene masterfully and powerfully provides that illustration. Gekko’s claims, amazingly delivered by Douglas, provide a chill to the spine of viewers as it shows just how ruthless and yet appealingly logical Gekko is. He delivers the speech with such composure and bravado that merits cheers and jubilation among his audience and silences his detractors despite the obvious disreputability of his catchphrase. The setting here is that Gekko is trying to take over a company, Teldar Paper. In a shareholders meeting of such company, company management oppose such planned take over by Gekko mainly because of Gekko’s reputation as a company raider. Gekko, on the other hand, rebuffs this voiced out opposition with this grand speech, provided here in part: The point is, ladies and gentlemen: Greed, for lack of a better word, is good. Greed is right; greed works. Greed clarifies, cuts through, and captures the essence of the evolutionary spirit. Greed, in all of its forms, greed for life, for money, for love, knowledge – has marked the upward surge of mankind and greed, you mark my words – will save not only Teldar Paper but that other malfunctioning corporation called the USA. At first look, he may have a point. As evidenced by the acceptance of his audience, it seems as though Gekko has indeed made a very convincing statement. All development can be traced to man’s insatiable hunger for life, money, love, knowledge, etc. as noted by Gekko. It is seemingly logical to think that greed is the driving force behind every single successful venture of man. If that is so, then it is just right to teach people to be greedy. Right? If this was the case, then the movie should have ended with a decisive statement that Gekko never gets caught. But Stone had a different view. Stone included this speech in the movie to showcase up to what absurd lengths people like Gekko go to in order to twist the facts and values long-cherished by society just to justify their cause and actions. Greed is wanting in excess of something that is never meant to be one’s own. It is an excessive desire to possess more than one needs or deserves. Anything in excess is wrong and can never be good, as declared in Nicomachean ethics. This just proves how twisted Gekko and his kind are. They turn something innately bad to something good just to satisfy their inner selves that there is nothing wrong with what they are doing. They are blinded by their greed on what is truly wrong and write. Greed overcomes them. The desire for winning the deal is more dominant than observing ethics. Even the rewards of money and luxurious living are never enough if one is overrun by greed. In the movie, Gekko and Bud are enjoying the luxurious life yet the audience never gets to examine the splendor of their riches as these are only shown in passing. Such is the life dedicated to greed. It doesn’t give room to gloat in the rewards because it constantly seeks more. The concept of enough eludes them. When Bud confronts Gekko of how much is enough, Gekko struggles to answer. Greed does that to a person. Greed corrupts. Too much of anything corrupts to a point where the boundaries between right and wrong are breached just to temporarily satisfy and insatiable appetite for winning the deal. Greed twists the morality of a person. It changes the priorities of a person involved, in a deal; greed is self-serving instead of serving what the deal embodies, which is the people that will benefit from it. It is this moral corruption that Stone exposes through this movie, the moral corruption brought about by wealth and greed. The legal corruption is only set as a backdrop amidst the crisis in morality that the protagonist of the film is going through. CONCLUSION Oliver Stone’s main message in this film is that the ways of the wicked will ultimately fail. He concludes the movie by Gekko getting caught on tape with a confession of his illegal acts after he falls for a trap set by Bud and the SEC. Bud is also indicted for the things he did while employed by Gekko. The last scene shows him walking towards his sentencing. This ending can be classified as a traditional one. It gives the viewers the old impression that â€Å"good† ultimately triumphs over â€Å"evil†. If the movie happened in reality though, there would have been a very different ending. There is one observable major flaw in the movie. One can only speculate on the reasons why such flaw can be bypassed by Stone (either corporate pressure to leave a good ending or it’s a pun to the romanticism of movies). If Gekko is such a cold, calculating and cunning man, it is highly doubtful whether he would let himself be trapped by such methods. It is more doubtful if he would allow himself to be seen with Bud after Bud was unceremoniously arrested. It is also unlikely that Gekko would not anticipate a wire on Bud when they met near the end of the movie. In summation, the ending is highly doubtful. The relevance of such obvious flaw is that it leaves its viewers (at least, those who recognized such flaw) with no hope of romanticist ideals that such a conflict can be resolved easily. In today’s world, there are a number of Gekko’s around. The flaw of the movie makes viewers realize that a number of Gekko’s out there do exist and are left unscathed and undetected (maybe even untouchable). It is then left to the viewer what to do with such fact of life. Surrounded by sharks and unethical financial players, the present financial manager is faced with a choice, the Gekko-way or the hard way. The movie ends with an easy resolution promoting an ideal situation where the â€Å"bad† guys fail. In the real world, that may not always be the case. It is up to the person whether to abide by ethics and laws in financial dealings or bend such laws and ethical rules because there are those who get away with it and they are the ones on top. The movie provides two ways towards success, the hard and long way or the easy way where rules are only part of the show. Reference: 1. Stone, O.   (1987). Wall Street. California: 20th Century Fox.   

Essay On Birth Control - 2057 Words

Should birth control be free even for teens? Study has shown that giving out free birth control to people and even teens would benefits adults and even young girls. Using birth control lowers the risk of becoming pregnant. Birth control has so many benefits as well. It has health benefits and teens and adults would actually use birth control if they have a free and easy way to get it . Birth control should be available for free and teens should have easy access to it because some people can not afford it , it will cause less teen pregnancy and women and girls can be protected at all times if they ever get sexually assaulted. The first reason why birth control should be free is because some people can not afford it. People who get†¦show more content†¦Poor women are less likely to use contraceptives. ( Rampell 2015) â€Å"When they do have sex, poor women are much less likely to use contraceptives.†) Poor women have no way of getting birth control when they have sex so they just put themselves at risk. A quote for my supporting detail is â€Å"Both rich and poor women are sexually active yet somehow it is predominantly poor women end up getting pregnant.To summarize it is saying that both rich and poor are sexually active but poor women get pregnant because birth control is expensive. Poor women are less likely to use contraceptives because they do not have ways of getting them. Free birth control can reduce government spending. ( Rampell , 2015)† If you want to increase high school and college completion rate, discourage people from going on welfare improve low income people earning potential and reduce government spending at all family planning services should be on your list.†) This supporting details says family planning services should be available for everyone and it will make life easier. A quote for my supporting detail ( Rampell 2015 ‘Maybe it is not the only thing you can advocate or even your top priority but it s hould be at least a tool kit†). The quote says they should at least make an effort to have family planning services for people who need it. Free birth control can reduce pregnancy which can reduce many economic problem and othersShow MoreRelatedBirth Control Essay1027 Words   |  5 PagesMcadam English 3 April 16, 2013 Birth Control, Why be Frowned Upon? Birth control is a way to prevent your daughter from having a kid as a kid, not a statement telling her that it is okay to freely have sex. If you know and understand that your daughter is having sex, wouldn’t you want the peace of mind that she is being safe, and protected? There are several ways to take birth control, and the doctor will choose the best method for the patient. Birth control has a 99% protection rate whenRead More Birth Control Essay1564 Words   |  7 Pageshow to gain control over reproduction, in essence, how to prevent unwanted pregnancies. This is a challenge, even today, in an age of technological advancements, mass communication and education. However, through the years, the spread of information and awareness surrounding birth control has resulted in its increased availability and an improvement in the lives of both men and women. People are very clever and ingenious and have, throughout history, devised a variety of birth control methods. TheRead MoreBirth Control Essay1021 Words   |  5 PagesShould Birth Control Be Accessible To All? When it comes to birth control, you have many options to choose from and it will be your personal decision. They are a synthetic form of progesterone and estrogen, it is the act of preventing pregnancy. Birth control also reduces abortion. The food and drug administration (FDA) approved of the pill in the 1960’s and ever since, women have continued to use it. The pill has become the most popular and one of the most effective forms of reversible birth controlRead MoreBirth Control Essay927 Words   |  4 PagesBirth Control Over the Counter Birth control has been the topic of discussion lately. Individuals have been debating if birth control should be able to be received over the counter. That is up to the Food and Drug Administration because they are the ones who have to approve or disapprove. Drug companies and law makers should work together to change the rules and allow woman and teenage girls to have more easily acces to acquire birth control. Making birth control over the counter will be helpfulRead MoreBirth Control Essay1297 Words   |  6 Pageslowered. I am interested about how birth control has evolved, and the effects it has had on women socially and economically. The research begins before the 17th century; the primary purpose of contraceptives was to prevent disease, not pregnancy. During this time the Catholic Church in Europe does not recognize birth control aside from abstinence, causing citizens to break away from the church. By the 18th century doctors in France were educating men about birth control, and contraceptives were usedRead MoreBirth Control Essay931 Words   |  4 PagesBirth Control Birth Control is defined as various ways used to prevent pregnancy from occurring. Birth Control has been a concern for humans for thousands of years. The first contraception devices were mechanical barriers in the vagina that prevented the male sperm from fertilizing the female egg. Other methods of birth control that were used in the vagina were sea sponges, mixtures of crocodile dung and honey, quinine, rock salt and alum. Birth Control was of interest for a long time, butRead MoreEssay On Birth Control1108 Words   |  5 PagesBirth control is a form of contraception that helps control fertility and allows women to decide whether they would like to have a baby or not. The product was first introduced by Margaret Sanger in 1914 she coined the term â€Å"birth control† and opened a clinic in Brownsville, Brooklynn, making it what we now know today as Planned Parenthood. There are many forms of birth control such as the implant, shot, pills, IUD, condoms, and many more metho ds. They help with regulating period flow, acne, weightRead MoreBirth Control Essay1027 Words   |  5 PagesBirth control pills should be available without a prescription. Oral contraceptive has been a controversial topic for years. Oral contraceptives are a common form of birth control. Birth control is used to prevent pregnancy by blocking a male’s sperm from fertilizing a female’s egg. Women take birth control to prevent pregnancy. Also, teen women can prevent unwanted pregnancies by having access to over the counter birth control pills. Birth control pills should be available without a prescriptionRead MoreBirth Control Essay1401 Words   |  6 Pages Should Birth Control Be Available Over the Counter? Birth Control has been a topic of debate for years. Several issues and opinions arise when talking about it. Birth Control was first released in the form of a pill in 1960. Since then birth control has evolved into several different forms, including pills, patches, implants, injections, and sponges. As stated by the Guttmacher Institute, â€Å"more than 43 million women of reproductive age are sexually active and want to prevent pregnancy, as of OctoberRead MoreEssay on Birth Control 1960 Words   |  8 Pagesfor Disease Control conducted a study on contraceptive use; their findings concluded â€Å"four out of five women have used birth control pills† during one point of their lives (Basset). Birth control pills have been around for over six decades, and their popularity has significantly increased during the past decade. Thousands of sexually-active women are turning to birth control pills as a way to prevent unplanned pregnancy, regulate periods, and to control acne. None theless, birth control pills are synthetic

Death Penalty As A Form Of Capital Punishment - 895 Words

In some states they practice death penalty as a form of capital punishment. The death penalty has been around since the country has been founded and is defined as the punishment of execution, administered to someone legally convicted of a capital crime. Legally there are only a number of ways one can be executed here in the U.S, those include; lethal injection, electrocution, gas chamber, hanging, and firing squad, with lethal injection being the most common form. For centuries people have argued for or against this potentially controversial saying morally, constitutionally it is either correct or incorrect, it will or will not deter criminals, and the cost of death/life in prison is cheaper. Those for the death penalty argue that morally it is fair. Stating that the death penalty honors human dignity by treating the defendant as an actor of moral freedom able to control his or her own destiny for good or for evil. Morally it is fair that if one takes the life of one than there life is up for the taking no matter the person. Such crimes such as rape, torture, treason, kidnapping, murder, larceny are in the hands of experts to decide with the evidence whether or not the defendant is guilty or not (Top 10 Pros and Cons, 2009). Whenever the death penalty comes up, the question is always â€Å"Is this constitutional?† Those in favor agree that it is in fact one hundred percent constitutional. The most common executions that are done, are done in human ways such as lethalShow MoreRelatedThe Death Penalty As A Form Of Capital Punishment1917 Words   |  8 Pagesmerely denying another human the right to live. Death Penalty is a sentence where the state terminate the life of the convicted as a form of capital punishment. The death penalty is legal as well as long as it is imposed fairly. It is one has been an ongoing battle in the United States that raises some litigation issues regarding the effectiveness of counsel, the use of qualified juries, and the length y period in which offenders have to spend on death row while anticipating execution. However, in orderRead MoreThe Death Penalty Is A Form Of Capital Punishment Essay2352 Words   |  10 PagesThe death penalty is a form of capital punishment which has been implemented in the judicial system for thousands of years, the popularity of which has fluctuated throughout the years. Over time, the public has generally been supportive of the use of the death penalty within the United States judicial system, where at one point almost all citizens were in favor of this form of capital punishment. However, in more recent years, the support for it has decreased and due to this it has become a lessRead MoreWhy the Death Penalty is Ineffective1552 Words   |  6 PagesWhy the Death Penalty is Ineffective The society constantly tries to reason with an effective way to respond to violence. Differences in opinion on the use of death as punishment arise from differences in religious, ethical, cultural, and morale perspectives. The role of death as a punishment for an offence has not been solved today, and remains a dilemma for the citizenrys political, legal, social, and religious thought. This is because an answer to the question is the death penalty effectiveRead MoreCapital Punishment Of The United States961 Words   |  4 Pages Capital Punishment in the United States For centuries, capital punishment has been used as a consequence of capital crime. Criminals who have committed such crimes are subject to facing the death penalty. Pickens shares, â€Å"Capital crimes are considered to be treason or terrorist attacks against the government, crimes against property when life is threatened, and crimes against a person that may include murder, assault, and robberyRead MorePros And Cons Of The Death Penalty1348 Words   |  6 Pagesmethods of punishment on lawbreakers and criminals. These include jail time, community service, paroles, fines, and the most shocking, the death penalty. The death penalty, also referred to as capital punishment, was first introduced in the form of hanging hundreds of years ago when America was first established. Now, the most common way of execution proves to be death by lethal injection. For hundreds of years, people have argued over whether or not the general idea of capital punishment stands morallyRead MoreThe Truth About The Death Penalty973 Words   |  4 Pagesâ€Å"The Truth About The Death Penalty†, Carina Kolodny argues that the death penalty should be abolished in all fifty states due to the fact that it is ineffective and very expensive. Kolodny believes that capital punishment has too many complications and variables that cause it be more of an issue than a real solution for capital offenses. She proposes that the death penalty should be dropped and exchanged for better programs such as Proposition 34, which replaces capital punishment for a sentence ofRead More Capital Punishment Essay1136 Words   |  5 Pagesexpression, â€Å"an eye for an eye, a tooth for a tooth† has become the basis for this political debate over the past several decades --- capital punishment. In society today, many people are murdered every day by the hands of another human being. Those who are for capital punishment promote that it is a deterrent for crime, provides closure, and is a moral p unishment for those who choose to take a human life. Those not in favor of it argue that it is an ineffective crime deterrent, sends the wrongRead MorePros And Cons Of Capital Punishment1303 Words   |  6 PagesCapital Punishment: The Benefits and Downfalls Taylor M. Osborne Charleston Southern University Abstract The following essay explores the pros and cons of capital punishment. A brief history of how capital punishment was introduced into modern society is included. Various resources have been used for research which include online articles, studies, and textbook references. This paper suggests the costs of capital punishment to be very high, but brings closure and justice to families, and evenRead MorePersuasive Essay On The Death Penalty910 Words   |  4 Pageshistory of capital punishment, and why others believe it is okay. Capital punishment is when someone has committed a crime in which they are sentenced to death. In this paper I will be arguing that the death penalty is okay. Capital punishment has been a controversial and debatable issue for centuries. People have been sentenced to capital punishment since the beginning of time, it has been accepted as fair punishment by law enforcement within any period. Over time capital punishment has becomeRead MoreCapital Punishment And The Death Penalty Essay1690 Words   |  7 PagesLiterature Review Capital punishment is defined as â€Å"a form of sentencing where the convicted person is ordered to death by the court system (Dotson and Carter, 2012, p.1). Capital punishment also known as the death penalty is one of the most controversial issues in today’s society. Many supporters and opponents of the death penalty debate over whether it is constitutional, whether it is inhumane, and whether it deters crime. Some abolitionists view the death penalty as immoral because it violates

Film and Soviet Bloc Nations Essay - 1312 Words

How did the Paramount decision of 1948 change the U.S. film industry? To what degree did the decision alter the way the industry did business? The Supreme Court ruled against the Hollywood’s monopoly of the film industry of the United States, directing that the production and distribution of movies be separated from movie exhibition practices. The ruling marked the death of studio era and led to numerous changes in film industry decades later. The paramount decision pushed the Twentieth century fox, Big Five studios, MGM, Paramount, RKO and Warner Bros companies to sell some of their theatre chains. The ruling went ahead to outlaw the price discriminatory and purchasing arrangements, fixing of admissions prices, block booking and†¦show more content†¦They utilized the emergence of innovations such as cinemascope, 3-D, stereophonic sound and many others to produce these films. Identify the major segments of the U.S. film going audience targeted by producers in the 1950s. What kinds of films were produced for each of these segments? The first one was the teen audience segment, which proved to have higher spending powers because of their disposable income that they used mainly on entertainment. Hollywood therefore produced films that fall under this segment such as The Blackboard Jungle (1955) and as Rebel without a Cause (1955). The second segment was immigrant and working- class audiences that had enough money to buy tickets for the theaters. The third segment was the films targeting anti-communist groups, whereby Hollywood produced more than 50 movies that were against the communist societies. The films intoxicated people that hate the communist societies, saying that these people were murderers, didn’t have children and also caused problems when arrested. Films such as, In Vittorio de Sica’s featuring the Bicycle Thief, was produced in 19 50s. What factors lay behind the upscaling of Hollywood film genres during the 1950s? Identify the significant genres of the postwar period, and explain how each was affected by enhanced production values and increased thematic complexity. There are many factors that lead to the upscaling genres (Melodrama, the Western,Show MoreRelatedThe Cold War And Its Effects On The Soviet War1343 Words   |  6 PagesEastern Bloc Michael Fritz Excelsior College September 17, 2014 The political landscape, economic climate change and religious beliefs all factored into the Cold War due the fact that it lasted nearly 5 decades. The Cold War changed histrionically from each administration change that every nation faced during these long time periods. In the Soviet Union political landscapes went from Stalin to Khruschev then Brezhnev, each impacting the Cold War with significant actions. In the film CzechoslovakiaRead MoreNuclear Warfare And Fear Of Nuclear Weapons1180 Words   |  5 PagesThe cold war is a state of political and military tension that developed primarily between powers in the Western Bloc, the United States and Eastern Bloc, and USSR after the World War Two. The rivalry between the USA and the Soviet Union brought in mutual suspicions, increased tension, and a couple of international incidents that resulted in a brink of disaster among the world’s superpowers. The Cold War and its consequences left an unfading legacy of popular culture, e specially in media featuringRead MoreThe Science Fiction Film Genre Essay1691 Words   |  7 PagesThe science-fiction film genre serves as an excellent medium for examining shifting power structures, social paranoia and Cold War politics during the 1950s. A number of films released during this period, including: Invasion of the Body Snatchers (1956), The Day the Earth Stood Still (1951), Them (1954) and Attack of the 50ft Woman (1958), are particularly symptomatic of the social and political atmosphere of the time. These films navigate not only narrative based issues such as the threat of aliensRead MoreMy Perestroik The Soviet Union1715 Words   |  7 PagesOver the past century, the world has seen the dominance, gradual decline, and eventual collapse of the Soviet Union. The past few decades have been marked by many former Soviet bloc nations establishing their independence and nationhood and attempting to rebuild following many years of censorship and government control. Howev er, countries such as Russia have struggled to move past the former Soviet days economically, politically, and socially. 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This fear led to tension between the countries, the sense that no o ne knew who would attack first and if one country attacked it would lead to nuclearRead MoreEssay about Culture Behind the Curtain1931 Words   |  8 Pagesclassical and folk music, Soviet youths remained uncooperative, preferring instead, the music of Western rock bands. No matter what they tried, the Soviets simply could not control the lives of their population any longer, especially with respect to what music and fashions were popular. 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Othello Plot Analysis Free Essays

Bynum ENG 201-02 22 April 2013 The Tragedy of Othello the Moor of Venice: Plot Analysis Title: The Tragedy of Othello the Moor of Venice Type:Play/Tragedy Author:William Shakespeare Theme:Jealousy is the theme. From the beginning to the very end of this play, every major conflict was caused because of jealousy. If it was not for the envy of one’s job, wife or money, many deaths could have been averted. We will write a custom essay sample on Othello Plot Analysis or any similar topic only for you Order Now Exposition:In this play, the author must identify the relationships and previous conflicts between the characters, and background on each major character. In The Tragedy of Othello the Moor of Venice, Shakespeare identifies the relationship between the characters in the beginning of the play with a character list which included the character’s name, title and relationship to whomever. The conflicts between characters where emphasized in the characters words to one another or in the character’s aside. Protagonist:Othello, The Moor of Venice, is the Protagonist. Beside the obvious, Othello is the main character in this play because all conflict surrounds him. Being the odd one out by being of skin color, having such a high social class standing, and being one of the best warriors all around causes him to be the center of attention. Antagonist:Iago, the Moor’s ensign, is the Antagonist. In everything Iago did, he was conniving and manipulative. He stepped on any and every one to make his underlying plan work. Every move he made was for his own gratification. He was sincere to none, not even his own wife. Major Conflict:Othello and Desdemona marry against many people’s wishes and it angers quite a few people. As Iago is manipulating Othello into believing that his wife Desdemona has been betraying him in his bed, Granziano and Lodovico (kinsman of Brabanzio, Desdemona’s Father and Senator of Venice) come to bare news of the Duke of Venice. The news stated for Othello to return home and his lieutenant, Michael Cassio, to take his place in power. Misconception causes Othello to strike Desdemona and in a turn of events, leads to the slaughter of Desdemona, Cassio, Roderigo and many more. Conflicts:(1) Man vs. Man: In Act 4 takes place a sword fight between Roderigo and Cassio. Bother were tricked by Iago to fight one another in the dark. Resulting in Roderigo’s death. (2) Man vs. Nature: In Act 3, Iago planned to have Othello listen in on a conversation between himself and Cassio. Iago led Othello to believe the conversation between Cassio and him was about Desdemona, although it was really about Bianca. It just so happened that Bianca barged into the scene with the handkerchief Othello gave to Desdemona. Iago had no idea, it would play out to his advantage but it just so happened it did. (3) Man vs. Self: After Othello kills Desdemona, it is discovered that Desdemona was in fact faithful to him and never lied. He then cries and explains his sorrow. Inciting Incident:Iago was passed by for the position of Lieutenant by, his good comrade, Othello and it was given to Cassio. Also hearing that Othello took his wife to bed, Iago develops a grudge against him. Iago conceives a plan involving a sting of lies and misconception in a pursuit to take down Othello and Cassio. Major Dramatic Question:Will Iago’s true intentions ever be discovered? Crisis:Once again, by Iago’s lies, Roderigo and Cassio were tricked into fighting each other in the dark. Neither one knowing whom they were fighting. Riderigo was murdered and this led to the imprisonment of Bianca, Cassio’s mistress. Climax: Othello, still under misconception that Desdemona is unfaithful, kills her. Emilia, Iago’s wife, enters and call for help. In attempt to find the truth or the reason behind this killing, Iago starts to be revealed. Othello comes to the realization that he has been misled and weeps for his dead wife. A commotion breaks out and Iago kills his wife Emilia. Resolution:After Iago is discovered of his devious ways, Lodovico orders Othello back to Venice, places Granziano as his heir and puts Montano in charge of Iagos execution. In the end, Othello kills himself. Emotional Satisfaction: Othello was a very interesting play. The fact that it was a tragic love story caught my attention the most. Although written so many years ago, the story line can very much relate to situations in today’s relationships. How to cite Othello Plot Analysis, Papers

Event Thessaloniki International Festival -Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss About The Event Thessaloniki International Festival? Answer: Introduction Greece is one of fastest growing economies in the Euro zone and it grew at the annual rate of 4.2% as foreign capital flooded in the country. But now it is observed that the growth of the country is continuously diminishing. Greece is facing various financial difficulties and due to financial circumstances, there is the need for borrowing from IMF, European central bank and European Union. Because of the financial crisis, government of the country has to take some tough decisions in order to restructure the economy so that the country can get its prosperity again (Hope, 2017). There are various events and festivals taking place every year in country. These festivals and activities are very helpful for the company to enhance the economic status and prosperity and to achieve appropriate result. There are many events taking place in the country and to enhance the economic value, it is important to organize a mega event in the effective manner. A number of award ceremony events and film festivals are being hosted in Greece throughout the year. This report focuses on the event management of international film festival in which the award ceremony will take place. This festival is to be held in Thessalonika in Greece. This event will be helpful in order to enhance the visits tourists in the country. In the film festival, there will be two types of films which would be screened-featured short films and lengthy films. This report evaluates and explains the objective of the conducted event which would be beneficial for the country. Further, event plan would be designed and venue would be specific for the overall film festival. Along with this, an effective media message would be shaped that will be effective for targeting the audience for the event. This report will also focus on various details of the events i.e. menu activities budget and type of risks in the event. Purpose and objective The film industry is considered as the most autonomous art form and the film festival always include peace, liberty and equality of the country. The objective of this international film festival is to enhance the economy of Greece so that the county can achieve its prosperity again. Along with this, the objective of conducting the event of film festival is to provide the broad platform to the film makers by discussing their diverse work in the event. Along with this, aim of the international film festival is to provide a meeting place for people and audiences so that the tradition, art shape and attractiveness of the country can be enhanced (Lee Goldblatt, 2012). Film festivals are the events for the creation of symbolic, cultural and economic value. The festival provides opportunities for the interchange of symbolic value to economic value. Conducting international film festival enhances the chances of distribution and exhibition. Film festival is helpful in rising funding for the country. So basic objective of conducting the event of film festival is to enhance the value-adding process in Greece and attract various tourists in the country by improving its economic value (Fox, 2015). Benefits Every event consists of some benefits for the society and related audience. Event must have some values that could be beneficial for the people. By conducting the event of international film festival, Country Greece will have some benefits. Those benefits are as follows: Promoting tourism- It is well known that Greece is one of the famous tourist destinations. Due to economic issues, there is the need to attract the tourists in order to gain its prosperity again. International film festival will attract the tourists from both in and out of the country. The film makers and producers will generally travel in all over the world for promoting the screening of their film. Along with this, it will also attract film fans and media professionals (Getz, 2008). Benefits for local merchants- By conducting the event of international film festival, local merchant will be benefited. It is well-known that tourists spend money. Any festival in Greece will attract them. Being a famous tourists destination, tourists will definitely visit in various parts of the country and local merchants will experience a respectable spike in their business. This will also benefit to the economy of the country. Networking- These kinds of festivals give various opportunities to film makers to communicate with other filmmakers, media representatives, supporters and many other professionals. Along with this, the event will also establish mutually beneficial relationships and leads to various collaborative possibilities (Olum, 2004). Benefits of theater- With the arrangements between theater hosting and festival promoters, the theater will enjoy various benefits such as hike in the sales and positive word of mouth of about the venue. Theater will be able to enhance their positive reputations and management. This approach will minimize various issues before they arise. Alternatives considered It is stated earlier Greece is the famous tourist destination but the country is facing some financial difficulties. In order to deal with this situation, it is important to conduct an event that can enhance the prosperity of the country. There are various events that can be conducted for this manner. Potential event can be Hellenic festival, Thessaloniki international film festival, Rockwave Festival, Easter, Acroplis Rally, August Full moon, European music day and Mothers day run etc. These all events are effective in enhancing the prosperity of the country. Out of the list of the events, international film festival is selected. The reason is that the film industry is considered as the most entertaining industry. The international film festival will attract various filmmakers, producers and tourist to visit Greece so that economic value of the country can be enhanced. Along with this, the event of film festival is selected so that film makers and audience can meet a place where the y can share traditions, history and shapes from all over the world (Milohni?, Lesi? Slamar, 2016). Selection process Reason for selecting the event of film festival is discussed above. Film festivals are the important link in the chain of international film culture. Cinema is the most democratic art that uses suitable languages for the audiences. Film festival is helpful in maintaining democracy freedom and peace. Film festival is the exceptional tool to cross the communication channels from the most distant places. Sometimes, event selection process is affected by various factors i.e. media exposure, potential economic impacts, time, available resources and local involvement. The most important critical success factor for selecting an event is the unique process and marketing resources. Research will be undertaken in order to gain a better understanding about the nature and importance of the events along with critical success factors of the event. International film festival is selected because it is important for the ecosystem of the country (Adams Hall, 2015). Film festival can attract the audiences from the community and all around the world. Along with this, the festival is also helpful in enhancing the local economy. The viewers have opportunity to stay connected with the story of the films by experiencing the film firsthand. The setting of the festival allows the audience to share the ideas with the producers, filmmakers and other audience so that new perspective on the films can be opened. This process can give insights to the filmmakers, producers, and distributors. Data will be collected on the nature and objective of the film festival event from conventions. It is found that international film festival is beneficial for the enhancing the economic value of the country. The selection criteria of film festival are based on the economic impact of the event on the country (Motion Picture Association of America, 2017). Project planning and execution For the international film festival, it is crucial is to select a suitable theme in order to attract people and various film makers. So, the theme for the event would be Unity in Diversity. This theme is selected because this film festival will include various films including various small and documentary films and fiction films from the entire world. Along with this, there will be various films that would be screening in the festival that would reveal the theme of this festival. Although there is lots of diversity in all over the world but this film festival will celebrate the variety of culture and this will be represented to the audiences. In the international film festival, individual sections will be provided to the audience so that they can choose that film which would be most appealing to them (Lill, 2015). Feasibility of the event Film industry is the entertaining industry and by this event, country will be able to attract various organizations and government in order to receive financial support from them. The required physical resources for the event will include music, decorative items, stationeries and sound equipments etc. Most of the support staff will be local youth and volunteers. As the result, huge support from organizations will be achieved. (Burgess Kredell, 2016). Venue design Further, next step is to attract the audience by innovative venue selection and design. The venue of this event will be Olympion Theatre, Thessalonika which is the head office of Thessaloniki International Film Festival. The theater has architecturally impressive structure which is built in 1920s in the heart of the city. In this complex, there are two renovated cinemas i.e. Olympion and Pavlos Zannas including two cafes i.e. Foyer and Room with a view. The building of this theater is suitable for various events like theatrical productions, film screenings, music events and various cultural activities. This is the permanent headquarter for the Thessaloniki International film festival. Event design plan In order to manage the event, it is crucial to focus on some essential things i.e. coordination, budget and time. An event cannot be successful without coordination between teams, without sufficient funds and without proper time frame. Although proper and efficient planning for the international film festival has done but there is still need to focus on the time frame and budget for the effective operations in events. Time factor- Time factor has a critical role while planning an event like international film festival. So, it is crucial to set such time which is convenient for the audiences. Generally, people prefer evening time to attend the events so; evening to night time will be preferred for the event. If these things are not followed systematically then event will not be successful and the objective will not be accomplished. So, international film festival will be held in the month of January (De Valck, 2014). Coordination- There is the need of more and more people to conduct an event so; there should be coordination among the team members. Without proper coordination, there is the possibility for conflict because of the lack of communication among the members while planning the events. Along with this, there are various activities which must be completed by different teams. So, it is important for the authorities to coordinate among the team members for event planning successfully. Proper planning at the initial stages includes knowledge sharing, regular meetings and informal outing would be helpful in coordinating among the team members for the successful event. Planning for the international film festival will be designed from last six months (Getz Page, 2016). Budgeting- Further, budgeting and funding is also an important part for the event planning. It is understood that appropriate planning of the budget is helpful to accomplish all the desired activities of the event. So, it is recommended that estimation of the budget will be efficient. By the formulation of the budget, experts will be able to distribute the fund for various activities including infrastructure, lightings, and food arrangements for the guests and salary for the crew members and hosts (Ralston et al, 2007). It is most important to develop an effective and proper event design plan so that event of film festival can run smoothly. There are many processes which would be included in the film festival. Following steps will be included in the event design plan- Planning of festival- This step would include detailed planning of the film festival. The planning will be completed by deciding the budget, invitation and key attractions of the event (Kerzner, 2013). Budget formulation-This is the important part of any event plan. In the budget allocation process, identification of key events of the film festival will be done. In this process, Budget will be decided for various events. Scheduling the event- It is very important to plan effectively in order to conduct the event successfully. In this manner, there is the need to set a schedule for the key events in the festival like sending invitations, recruitment of staff, major objectives of the festival and many others. Recruiting event crew- In this process, key people of the event i.e. directors, critics, producers, audiences and others will be invited. Along with this, setting necessary infrastructure for the event like lights, food, projectors, screen, sofa, chairs, bouncers and others would also be done (Brown, 2014). Promotional activities- Advertising and promotion is the crucial part for any event so that the audience can be targeted. For this event, key focus would be on direct mailing, hoardings, and social media platforms which would be effectively used in order to promote the film event (Meusburger, Funke Wunder, 2009). Launching - This process of the event will be done by screening famous films from various producers and directors. This will be done with the song sequences and dances. Red carpet celebrations- Segregation of festivals will be organized including various catagories. Those catagories will comprise love, laugh, debate, thrill, comedy, suspense and action. Along with this, feature and documentary films will also be take place in the event. After that, special function of giving awards and night ceremony will also take place. Media messages After the planning of international film festival event, it is important to promote the event in order to make it successful. In current time, social media platforms are strong tool to promote the event. It is important to have an effective media message on the social media networks. In order to promote this specific event, Twitter and Facebook will be used as these are the popular social media platform used by people. By using these platforms, audience will be able to achieve all the information related to international film festival (Cetinic, Petric Pranic, 2012). The message on the social media platforms would be related to time, date and venue of the event. The message would be Inviting for International Film Festival to Film and Cinema lovers which would be detained in Olympion Theatre, Thessalonika from 1st January 2019 to 10th January 2019 (Vilhjlmsdttir, 2011). Music has an important role in the organizing and managing any event. It is also crucial to enhance the environment and quality of the event. In the international film festival, mild music will be played in order to entertain the audiences during the gap of the performances and activities. Along with this, the music in the international film festival is selected for the background and that will be selected from the nominated documentaries and movies for the awards. The reason for choosing the music from the nominated movies is that filmmakers, producers and directors will be motivated for doing more valuable work (Wagen, 2005). It is essential section for managing various activities of the events. In this section, different activities will take place which are required to conduct the event of international film festival. It is already decided that the film festival will take place in Olympion Theatre. There are some additional activities in order to manage and organize which are as follows: Planning for different teams- It is very important for various teams to plan and organize the work accordingly. There will be various teams i.e. event product team, marketing team and programming team and these teams are responsible to conduct specific event catering arrangements, decoration and promotion of the event and preparing posters for the event etc (Mawer et al, 2106). Screening films and award ceremony- Under these activities, quick look of various films i.e. animation, documentary, pop promos, television and film records related to creative arts will be shown. This will also includes of award distribution to the nominated actors, producers, directors, and films (Tassiopoulos, 2005). Live performances- This will be the key attraction of overall film festival. In the performance related activity, the performances will be organized in order to promote any specific movie considering performance related concept. Under this activity, film makers and producers will give talk about their movies and related concepts. They will share their ideas and viewpoints about movies i.e. from where they get idea and inspiration to make the film. Further, public will ask their queries about the movies to the directors. Those questions can be related to their current movies or upcoming movie projects. This is main activity of the event of film festival. In this, awards will be distributed to the nominated films based on different criteria i.e. best animation, best actor and supportive actor, best direction, best critic, best negative role and others. The activities of award distribution will be helpful in inspiring the film makers and directors so that they can do best work on films in future. Apart from these activities, there are some activities that will be taking care of by different teams. All the crewmembers will have induction guide for the activities sob that they can be aware of the every kind of emergency in the event. Along with this, there will also be ambulance service in order to minimize the health issues and hazards. Least disturbance of other activities regulations will be followed in the sound system of the event. Budget Budgeting is the important part of a robust planning structure. Budget is helpful for the event managers in spending the amount based on the requirements. Budget of the event must be planned in the visualization and advance of the event. It impact on each factor of the event management and needs to be evaluating on the regular basis. The event of international film festival will be organized on the grand level (Bowdin et al, 2012). So, there is the need of budget planning for the activities so that the event can be operated successfully. The budget plan for this event is as follows: Cost of event Amount (In Euro) Cost for entrance ticket per person 180 x 5000= 900000 Cost for decoration in Olympion Theatre 3000 Promotional activities for event of International Film Festival by social media 800 Various activities including stage arrangement and sound system for dance and live performance 900 Furniture i.e. sofa and chairs for sitting people 1500 Welcome drink and dinner for all guests 2600 x 5= 13000 Salaries for the staff and crew members, jury members and host 1800 Installation screens with their supporting devices 900 Additional cost for other activities i.e. water supply maintenance, emergency services, and ambulance etc. 500 Total cost 9,22,400 Conclusion Greece is the attractive country for the tourists as they go to the country to spend their vacations. During last few years, it is observed that the country is facing economic issues and losing its prosperity. This report is about conducting the event of international film festival. The report focuses on the event management and budget plan for the film festival. The film festival will be the combination of different culture and movies across the world that will be shown in the specific event including the concept of Unity in Diversity. This report covers various activities of this event i.e. venue design, event design, music, menu, theme and other relevant activities. Based on the above discussion, it is observed that the event of international film festival will be held in Olympion Theatre, Greece. The key objective of this film festival is to enhance the economic value of the country and maintain its prosperity among the tourists by inviting them in the event. Further, this film f estival will provide recognition and awards to the producers and film makers for their best work. The recognition and awards will be inspiration for those who are new learner in the field of photography and cinematography. It is stated earlier that the international film festival will be held in Olympion Theatre. The reason for selecting this venue is that this theater can have room for adequate number of people. Along with this, many other activities are organized for the effective management of the event. So, by conduction film festival event, economic value of Greece could be enhanced efficiently. References Adams, R. Hall, S., (2015), Family Film Festival: Academic and Social Interaction outside the Classroom with Retention Benefits: Family Science Review, 20(1) Bowdin, G., Allen, J., Harris, R., McDonnell, I., O'Toole, W., (2012), Events management, UK: Routledge Brown, S., (2014), Emerging Professionalism in The Event Industry: A Practitioner's Perspective, Event Management, 18 (1), 15-24 Burgess, D. Kredell, B., (2016), Nine Positionality and film festival research: Film Festivals: History, Theory, Method, Practice, p.159 Cetinic, L., Petric, L., Pranic, L., (2012), Emerald Article: Host population perceptions of the social impacts of sport tourism events in transition countries: Evidence from Croatia: International Journal of Event and Festival Management, 3(3), 236-256 De Valck, M., (2014), Supporting art cinema at a time of commercialization: Principles and practices, the case of the International Film Festival Rotterdam: Poetics, 42, pp.40-59 Europa Cinemas, (2016), Greece Olympion (Thessaloniki), accessed on 29th January 2018 from https://europa-cinemas-blog.org/2016/08/25/greece-olympion-thessaloniki/ Fox, M., (2015), Greece won't lose competitive edge: Tourism official, accessed on 29th January 2018 from https://www.cnbc.com/2015/07/14/greece-wont-lose-competitive-edge-tourism-official.html Getz, D., Page, S. J., (2016), Event studies: Theory, research and policy for planned events, UK: Routledge Getz, D., (2008), Event tourism: Definition, evolution, and research. Tourism management, 29(3), pp. 403-428. Hope, K., (2017), The scale of Greeces economic problems, accessed on 29th January 2018 from https://www.ft.com/content/12cea50a-19db-11e7-bcac-6d03d067f81f Kerzner, H. R., (2013), Project management: a systems approach to planning, scheduling, and controlling, US: John Wiley Sons Lee, S., and Goldblatt, J., (2012), The current and future impacts of the 2007-2009 economic recession on the festival and event industry: International Journal of Event and Festival Management, 3(2) Lill, G., (2015), THE IMPACTS OF EVENTS ON LOCAL COMMUNITY, accessed on 29th January 2018 from https://projekter.aau.dk/projekter/files/210109303/THESIS.pdf Mawer, V., Reed, I., Els, G., Pielichaty, H., (2106), Events Project Management, UK: Taylor Francis Meusburger, P., Funke, J., Wunder, E. (2009), Milieus of Creativity, 2, Netherlands: Springer Milohni?, I., Lesi?, K. T., Slamar, T., (2016), UNDERSTANDING THE MOTIVATION FOR EVENT PARTICIPATING A PREREQUISITE FOR SUSTAINABLE EVENT PLANNING: Tourism Hospitality Industry, pp. 204-218 Motion Picture Association of America, (2017), WHY FILM FESTIVALS MATTER, accessed on 29th January 2018 from https://www.mpaa.org/why-film-festivals-matter/ Olum, Y., (2004), Modern Management Theories and Practices, Banking Course Ralston, L. S., Ellis, G. D., Compton, D. M., Lee, J. (2007), Staging Memorable Events And Festivals: An Integrated Model Of Service and Experience Factors: International Journal of Event Management Research, 3(2), 24-38 Tassiopoulos, D., (2005), Event Management: A Professional and Developmental Approach, (2nd), Lansdowne: Juta Academic Vilhjlmsdttir, L., (2011), A documentary film festival circuit and film festivals as field-configuring events, adapting to digitalization, accessed on 29th January 2018 from https://skemman.is/bitstream/1946/10293/3/MAritger%C3%B0.pdf Wagen, L.V., (2005), Event Management: For Tourism, Cultural, Business and Sporting Events, (2nd), Aus: Pearson Education