Definition of Chunking in Language Acquisition

Meaning of Chunking in Language Acquisition In investigations of language obtaining, the term piece alludes to a few words that are usually utilized together in a fixed articulation, for example, as I would like to think, to make a long story short, How right? or on the other hand Know what I mean? Also known asâ language piece, lexical lump, praxon, detailed discourse, conventional expression, predictable discourse, lexical group, lexical expression, and collocation. Lump and piecing were presented as intellectual terms by clinician George A. Mill operator in his paper The Magical Number Seven, Plus or Minus Two: Some Limits on Our Capacity for Processing Information (1956). See Examples and Observationsâ below. Additionally, see: Lexical ApproachBinomialClichà ©Ã‚ and PlatitudeCompound NounIdiomLanguage AcquisitionListemePet PhrasePhrasePhrasal VerbSnowclone Models and Observations Here is one that escaped, and lived to tell the tale.(Red Riding: In the Year of Our Lord 1983, 2009)Oh, coincidentally, hows the Florence Henderson look working for you?(Matthew Morrison as Will Schuester, The Power of Madonna. Happiness, 2010)Once upon a period, there was a stunning princess. However, she had an endless supply of a dreadful sort, which must be broken by adores first kiss.(Shrek, 2001)The just thing Junior Singleton peruses spread to cover is a matchbook.(The Red Green Show, 1991)It might be that over the giganticness of space the Martians have watched the destiny of these pioneers of theirs and scholarly their exercise, and that on the planet Venus they have discovered a securer settlement. In any case, for a long time yet there will unquestionably be no unwinding of the enthusiastic examination of the Martian plate, and those searing darts of the sky, the meteorites, will carry with them as they fall an unavoidable apprehension.(H.G. Wells, The War of the Worlds, 1898)Do you know the expression turning point, buddy?I gestured. You didnt must be an English educator to realize that one; you didnt even must be proficient. It was one of those irritating etymological alternate routes that appear on digital TV news appears, throughout each and every day. Others incorporate draw an obvious conclusion and right now. The most irritating of all (I have denounced against it to my obviously exhausted understudies time and on numerous occasions) is the absolutely trivial a few people say, or numerous individuals believe.(Stephen King, 11/22/63. Scribner, 2011) Employments of Prefabricated Chunks-It appears that in the underlying phases of first language obtaining and characteristic second language securing we gain unanalysed pieces, however that these bit by bit get separated into littler segments . . .The pre-assembled lumps are used in familiar yield, which, the same number of specialists from various customs have noted, generally relies upon programmed preparing of put away units. As indicated by Erman and Warrens (2000) tally, about portion of running content is secured by such intermittent units.(J. M. Sinclair and A. Mauranen, Linear Unit Grammar: Integrating Speech and Writing. John Benjamins, 2006)- If I discover a particularly well suited method of communicating a thought, I may put away that manner of expression with the goal that whenever I need it will approach as a pre-assembled piece, despite the fact that to my listener it may not be discernable from recently created discourse. This . . . sort of articulation, at that point, not exclusively is totally analyzable by the syntax of the language yet because of its straightforwardness has a double status for the speaker: It can be taken care of either as a solitary unit or as a mind boggling development with inside structure (e.g., words can be embedded into or erased from the expression, or the syntactic structure can be changed as needed).(Ann M. Diminishes, The Units of Language Acquisition. Cambridge University Press, 1983) Conventional Phrases versus Exacting Expressions[T]he equation based expression has one of a kind properties: it is firm and unitary in structure (now and then with atypical linguistic structure), regularly nonliteral or degenerate in importance properties, and as a rule contains a nuanced implying that rises above the total of its (lexical) parts. The authoritative type of the articulation (formuleme) is known to local speakers. This is to state that a predictable articulation works distinctively in structure, which means, and use from a coordinated, strict, novel, or propositional articulation (Lounsbury, 1963). It broke the ice, for instance, as a recipe, varies with respect to significance portrayal, misuse of lexical things, status in language memory, and scope of potential utilizations, when contrasted with precisely the same succession of words as a novel expression.(Diana Van Lancker Sidtis, Formulaic and Novel Language in a Dual Process Model of Language Competence. Standard Language, Vol. 2., ed. by Roberta Corrigan et al. John Benjamins, 2009)Criticism of the Lexical-Chunk ApproachMichael Swan, a British author on language teaching method, has developed as a conspicuous pundit of the lexical-lump approach. In spite of the fact that he recognizes, as he let me know in an email, that high-need pieces should be educated, he stresses that the new toy impact can imply that equation based articulations get more consideration than they merit, and different parts of languageordinary jargon, sentence structure, elocution and skillsget sidelined.Swan likewise thinks that its unreasonable to expect that training lumps will deliver nativelike capability in language students. Local English speakers have tens or several thousandsestimates varyof these formulae at their order, he says. An understudy could learn 10 per day for quite a long time and still not approach local speaker competence.(Ben Zimmer, On Language: Chunking. The New York Times Magazine, Sep. 19, 2 010)

Grant Proposal for Hydrologic and Energy Saving - myassignmenthelp

Question: Examine about theGrant Proposal for Hydrologic and Energy Saving. Answer: Regulatory Summary: Proposition Working Title: Connection existing between Green Walls and creepy crawlies biodiversity Proposition Summary: While green dividers and rooftops are generally found in the urban settings, and have consistently been acknowledged for the hydrologic and vitality sparing advantages they offer, green dividers effectively add to the preservation of plant just as creature biodiversity. Since the advantages of green rooftops in supporting the generalist species particularly bugs is inadequately archived, this undertaking intends to find the connection existing between green dividers and bugs biodiversity. A5. Effect Statement: 75 words Effect Summary: Urban biodiversity is nearly non-existent in todays world, but then the making of green foundation can help in rationing 9,000 creepy crawlies, for example, Hemiptera, Coleopteran and Diptera. The bounty and extravagance of the types of creepy crawlies requires to be profoundly kept up, but then it gets testing in a dirtied, urbanized set-up. In such a circumstance, the examination task will help in illuminating manners the fuse of vegetative innovations and vegetated exteriors in the urban arranging of Sydney can help in amplifying biodiversity gains, by supporting generalist species, particularly bugs. Characterization and Other Statistical Information: Does this Proposal can be categorized as one of the Strategic Research Priorities? Truly Vital Area Vital Goal Living in a changing domain Distinguish vulnerabilities and limits to the flexibility of changing regular and human frameworks - This examination will help in conquering the issues related with ecological difference in a urban set-up, in order to improve the biodiversity in Australia and improve bugs supportability. Living in a changing situation Oversee hazard and catch open doors for reasonable regular and human frameworks this exploration will help in illuminating manners by which the green foundation can be utilized to guarantee creepy crawly decent variety. Undertaking Description: Undertaking Title: Relation existing between Green Walls and creepy crawlies biodiversity Undertaking Aims: The idea of urban biodiversity has risen to be a significant idea that tries to ration the loss of master and some other sort of species that is touchy to urbanization. This is actually the purpose for the expanding prevalence of the green dividers in and around the urban communities. Truth be told, Sydney in Australia alone brags of an enormous number of greenery dividers and vertical nurseries. Notwithstanding, while the green dividers have been broadly refreshing for their tasteful just as financial and ecological advantages, scarcely any individuals know about the job this green foundation plays in expanding the manageability of creepy crawlies. This venture will help in exhibiting the relationship existing between green dividers and bugs biodiversity. Venture Background: Green rooftops and dividers structure a fundamental element of the urban foundation which as a rule comprise of plants and greeneries, developing in light-weight development medium laid over seepage and waterproofing layers (Madre et al. 2015). The most prevalently known advantages of green rooftops incorporate its capacity to hold water, increment the vitality effectiveness of the structures, just as cooler microclimates. Be that as it may, the lesser known actuality in such manner is that green rooftops and dividers likewise give natural surroundings to a rich assortment of animal groups, particularly the bugs. The natural advantages are least advanced, and merits uncommon notice here. An enormous number of studies have affirmed the nearness of bugs on the green rooftops and dividers, and all the investigations demonstrated that the honey bees, insects, moths, butterflies, and soil-abiding anthropods, were most normally found here (Rupprecht et al. 2015). In this way, the natural s urroundings creation for bugs along these lines advancing creepy crawly biodiversity has been as of late refered to as one of the most significant advantages of green rooftops and dividers. Despite the fact that examination proof recommends that creepy crawlies are typically more plenteous in evergreen foliage instead of the deciduous foliage, the bugs species wealth is a significant quality portraying the green dividers and rooftops. Simultaneously, look into information likewise recommends that if the vegetation is made out of monoculture, or it was made out of a polyculture, creepy crawly wealth may be diverse in every one of the cases (Williams et al. 2014). Consequently, in spite of the fact that vegetation decent variety can influence creepy crawly biodiversity in an unexpected way, the green rooftops and dividers do help in expanding bug species wealth. The vegetated veneers are very much capacitated to shield anthropods, and help in making improving creepy crawlies biodivers ity. There is no increase expressing that the vertical greening framework can be considered to be a viable mimicry of common vertical environments simply like precipices that are secured with climbing plants or vegetated cascades, subsequently assisting with making potential simple living spaces for creatures. Consequently, creepy crawly biodiversity is one of the significant advantages of green dividers and rooftops. Research Project Noteworthiness of the issue Because of the high weight of modernization, urban places in Australia is experiencing loss of greeneries that has brought about dangers biodiversity exhaustion. There are in excess of 2000 types of bugs in Australia, which are exceptionally reliant upon the parity of biological system. The utilization of green dividers is accepted to help the issue identified with loss of greenery is in the urban territories of Australia. In any case, because of absence of mindfulness among the australians about the importance of the green dividers and furthermore the high measure of cost that are engaged with the development work, not many individuals are keen on net development. As the creepy crawly assorted variety are experiencing misfortune in the Australian environment, right now ample opportunity has already past to guarantee that the biological equalization is being reestablished by improving the aggregate sum of greeneries in the urban zones. The Exclusive connection between the green dividers and bug biodiversity will be clarified in the accompanying segment. Technique utilized in the examination work So as to set up connection between the green dividers and bug biodiversity analysts will follow quantitative and subjective type of research technique. Specialists will gather information chiefly from the optional sources, which will assist them with gathering data identified with the importance of green dividers with regards to improving the degree of greenery in urban regions. The analysts will likewise endeavors to utilize the theory type of Research Design, which is exceptionally basic with regards to building up connection between biological parity of creepy crawly biodiversity and green dividers. The analysts will toward the starting investigation the significance of existing green dividers and gather information about the bugs that are found in the regions around the green dividers. The specialists will lead this examination in any event upon 50 green dividers that are as of now built in urban and rural zones of Australia. Locales of green dividers having high volume of creepy crawly biodiversity will primarily be engaged upon. The specialists likewise need to recognize the creepy crawly species that are found in the regions around green divider, which will assist them with understanding the significant kinds of bugs that will be profited with development of progressively number of Green dividers. It will be additionally significant for the scientist to center upon the natural life pattern of every one of the bugs. This will assist them with understanding the criticalness of green divider and the plants that are utilized, which can have a significant commitment of on the organic life pattern of creepy crawlies. The examination likewise need to concentrate up on the planet decent variety or the sort of plants that are chiefly connected with the green dividers. The investigation additionally need to center upon green dividers that are developed in fairways, urban part and private Gardens. After the information are being gathered from different sources identified with the green dividers and bug biodiversity, the scientists will utilize measurable apparatuses as quantitative information examination technique. This will push them to appropriately assess and set up theory of connection between green dividers and bug biodiversity. Achievability of the venture The procedure of Data Collection that will be utilized is exceptionally noticeable in setting of the exploration work. As the notoriety of green dividers in the urban regions of Australia particularly in golf parks and private parts are going high, it will be profoundly practical for the analysts to gather significant information from the given sources. It will likewise be effectively conceivable to gather the information about the creepy crawly biodiversity that are accessible in the urban regions in Australia. This will help in understanding the significance of connection between the Biodiversity in green dividers and creepy crawly organic life cycle. Henceforth, the examination work will endeavor to build up viable connection between the current green dividers and creepy crawly biodiversity. As information about the creepy crawly biodiversity will be gathered it will help in the achievability to comprehend the hugeness of the greeneries that is assisting with keeping up the bug biodiversity. Research Design of the task will assist with making it increasingly doable because of the way that it will be effectively conceivable to gather the information and set up the relationship. Research will be directed inside a time of 7 weeks. In the principal week the examination will settle on the green dividers in the Australian urban regions from where they are eager to gather important data. The close to week the specialists will center after gathering significant data identified with the green dividers and bug biodiversity. In the next week, the specialists will utilize the information for recognizing the bug biodiversity. Anticipated result and effect of the examination The consequence of the exploration work is required to distinguish all the significant sort of creepy crawly specie

Self-Handicapping and Protecting the Ego at a Cost

Self-Handicapping and Protecting the Ego at a Cost Theories Social Psychology Print Self-Handicapping and Protecting the Ego at a Cost By Kendra Cherry facebook twitter Kendra Cherry, MS, is an author, educational consultant, and speaker focused on helping students learn about psychology. Learn about our editorial policy Kendra Cherry Medically reviewed by Medically reviewed by Steven Gans, MD on February 24, 2017 Steven Gans, MD is board-certified in psychiatry and is an active supervisor, teacher, and mentor at Massachusetts General Hospital. Learn about our Medical Review Board Steven Gans, MD Updated on July 26, 2019 Martin Leigh / Getty Images More in Theories Social Psychology Behavioral Psychology Cognitive Psychology Developmental Psychology Personality Psychology Biological Psychology Psychosocial Psychology Self-handicapping involves engaging in behaviors that sabotage your chances of success. Why would people do things that might make them more likely to fail? We all want to feel good about ourselves, but researchers have found that we sometimes go so far as to hurt our chances of success in order to avoid taking responsibilities for our failures. When faced with an important exam, for example, students might stay out all night to avoid studying. Then when they do poorly, they can blame their poor scores on their friends for keeping them out late rather than their own lack of intelligence. Simply put, self-handicapping allows people to find an outside source to blame for possible failures. While this can be an effective strategy for protecting self-esteem, it can understandably have a significantly negative impact on success. Lets take a closer look at why self-handicapping happens and the potential outcomes of this behavior. Why Do People Self-Handicap? Psychologists have found that we all have a strong need to blame our failures on outside forces while taking personal credit for our successes. This behavior protects our self-esteem, but it can also make us do things that actually make us less likely to succeed. This tendency is known as self-handicapping, defined as a self-sabotaging action or choice that prevents people from taking personal responsibility for outcomes. Essentially, people create obstacles so that any possible failures can then be blamed on these outside forces. Failure can lead to discomfort when people realize that their own lack of skill or preparation led to the outcome. By engaging in actions that undermine possible success, people avoid having to face the truth and accept their own deficiencies. There are many different forms of self-handicapping. Sometimes this behavior can be fairly innocuous, but in some instances, it can be much more serious. In some cases, it might even drive people to engage in potentially dangerous behavior. For example, students might procrastinate on their homework or put off studying until the very last minute. Athletes might skip practice or stay up late the night before a big game. In some cases, people might engage in more dangerous forms of self-handicapping such as abusing drugs and alcohol. Researchers have suggested that self-handicapping can be linked to what is known as the self-serving bias, in which people claim personal credit for success but blame outside forces for their failures. Imagine, for example, that you have been preparing to compete in your very first marathon. Youve been following a training schedule and eating a healthy diet, but as race day approaches, you find yourself doubting your ability to successfully reach the finish line. In the weeks and days leading up to the big race, you find yourself skipping your training sessions and binge eating junk food. When the day finally arrives to compete in the marathon, you find yourself feeling sluggish and out of shape. As a result of these self-handicapping behaviors, you are able to blame your inability to finish the race on being out of shape or bloated rather than your possible lack of ability. Research on Self-Handicapping The phenomenon was first described by researchers Stephen Berglas and Edward Jones in a 1978 study that involved randomly assigning students to complete anagrams, some of which were solvable and some of which were not. Afterward, all of the students were told they had done well. This feedback was clearly unsettling and confusing to the participants who had been given the unsolvable anagrams. They were told they had done well but had no idea how or why they had. “These are the people who are told they are brilliant, without knowing how that inference is derived,” said Dr. Berglas explained to The New York Times in 2009. The volunteers were then asked if they would want to take either a performance-enhancing or performance-inhibiting drug before they took another test. Of the participants, a whopping 70 percent  of those who had been given the unsolvable anagrams opted to take the performance-inhibiting drug, compared to just 13 percent  of those who had been given the solvable anagrams. Why would some choose the drug designed to impair their performance on a test? These results suggest that when people are confident in their abilities to perform a task, they would prefer to be given something that would help them perform even better. Those who are unsure of their abilities, however, are more likely to want the drug that will hurt their performance, thus giving them an external source to blame for their possible failures. The Effects The purpose of all this self-sabotage is to protect the ego and self-esteem, and experts have found that it does actually work. People with high self-esteem have been shown to engage in more self-handicapping. For many people, these behaviors happen almost automatically. We come up with excuses for failure before weve even tried, but we often do so unconsciously. While self-handicapping might go a long way in protecting our self-esteem, it can also have serious negative side-effects. If you are placing barriers to success in your path, there is no way that you are giving yourself all the chances you should for achieving your goals. Not only that, by hindering your chances, you are essentially lowering your expectations for yourself both now and in the future. Researcher Sean McCrea has also found that self-handicapping can lead to lower motivation and less incentive to try to succeed in the future. In a series of experiments, he manipulated participants scores on IQ tests. Some participants were given the choice to either prepare for taking the test or to join a no practice group. Those who then received bad scores were more likely to blame their lack of practice, but McCrae also found in later experiments that those who had an excuse for their low scores (i.e., distractions, lack of preparation, etc.) were less motivated to prepare for a future test than those who didnt have an external source to blame. The handicap allowed them to say, All things considered, I actually did pretty well,McCrea told Benedict Carey writing for The New York Times. And there’s no drive to get better. More negative consequences of self-handicapping: Students who engage in self-handicapping report spending less time each week studying.Self-handicappers also tend to have lower grades overall.They are also more likely to use alcohol before engaging in a task.It also hurts social relationships. Self-handicappers always seem to have an excuse, so they are often viewed as whiners. Researchers have found that self-handicappers are rated more negatively by their peers. Self-handicapping can protect the ego, but it comes with significant costs. Placing obstacles to success might provide excuses for failures, but it also makes us more likely to fail. Do you feel good about yourself now or do you give it your all and risk failure? The research suggests that while your self-esteem might take a temporary hit, giving up self-handicapping behaviors might be better for future success.

Effectiveness of Advertisement in Telecom Industry

A PROJECT REPORT On A study on Effectiveness Of Advertisement in telecom industry Submitted to:- B.K.School of Business Management, Gujarat University, Ahmadabad Guided by:- Dr. Prateek Kanchan Submitted By: Sachin chokhawala (1912) ACKNOWLEDGEMENT The satiation and euphonies that accompany the success completion of a task would be incomplete without a mention of people who made it possible. So, with immense gratitude, we acknowledge all those, whose guidance and encouragement served as a beacon light and crowned my effort with success. We thank Dr. Prateek kanchan, our faculty and project guide for his valuable guidance and suggestions. Lastly, I would like to thank all those who have†¦show more content†¦Analysis Interpretation |32 | |8 |7. Findings Recommandation |43 | | |7.1 Findings | | | |7.2 Recommandation | | |9 |8. Conclusion | | |10 |Bibliography |51 | |11 |Annexure |52 | EXECUTIVE SUMMARY Management ideas without any action based on them mean nothing. That is why practical experience is vital for any management studies. Theoretical studies in the class room are not sufficient to understand the functioning climate and the real problems coming in the way of management. So, practical exposures are indispensable to such courses. Thus, practical experience acts as a supplement to the classroom studies. This report deals withShow MoreRelatedTitle of the project report Effectiveness of Advertisement in Telecom Industry on consumers with1400 Words   |  6 PagesTitle of the project report Effectiveness of Advertisement in Telecom Industry on consumers with reference to Airtel. Objectives of the study I. To study types of advertisements. II. To study effectiveness of advertisements i.e. on sales, profitability. III. To study the perception of consumers towards the product due to advertisement. IV. To find the ways to make it more effective. Reaserch Methodology Research Design The research design is Descriptive studies. Descriptive studiesRead MoreTHE INFLUENCE OF TV ADVERTISING ON CONSUMER BRAND PREFERENCE Essay2271 Words   |  10 Pagesmarketers are facing challenges in developing effective TV advertisement and thus they have to think beyond informing, educating and facilitating the customers. As competition is increasing, the need for effective marketing communication is growing and marketers are finding new ways to break through the clutter and generate response and action from potential consumers. According to the a survey of Gallup Pakistan, spending on TV advertisement increased throughout year 2009. The top 10 brands advertisedRead MoreSwot Analysis Of Singtel850 Words   |  4 PagesT. (2017). An Exploratory Study of Constructing Measurement Scale of City CCBE (Customer Based Brand Equity). Journal of Communication Science, 17(2),pp. 229-262. Chunying, W. (2013). A study on the delivery of city branding advertisements: City branding advertisement on CCTV, 2007-2010. Journal of Place Management and Development, 6(1), 67-75. Greyser, S. A. (2009). Corporate brand reputation and brand crisis management. Management Decision, 47(4), 590-602. Feng, D.(2017).Representing ordinaryRead MoreThe Attractiveness of Telecommunication Industry in 1998 Ireland1907 Words   |  8 Pagesï » ¿The Attractiveness of Telecommunications Industry in 1998 Ireland The Irish telecommunications industry has been heavily regulated since the 1980s. A state-owned body, Bord Telecom Eireann, being simultaneously the largest employer in the country and the provider of the poorest quality Telecom Systems in Europe, introduced the controls that fundamentally eliminated the competition and created a monopoly. This seemingly new, but propitious industry faced numerous obstacles, as its capital requirementsRead MoreAnalysis Of The Bank s Mobile And Banking Services Platform1491 Words   |  6 Pagesplus many other telecommunications services to more than 8 million subscribers. Equity Bank’s mobile and banking services platform launches a year after it had to deal with a myriad of inquiries from industry regulator, Communications Authority of Kenya, Members of the National Assembly and the industry top watchdog, the Central Bank of Kenya (CBK). The CA later approved use of thin-SIM technology in Kenya, even though there was opposition from competit ors claiming that the technology could compromiseRead MoreAdvertisement And Culture Of The Media1658 Words   |  7 Pages Advertisement and Cultural Transformation in Middle East: In Special Context to Oman Abhishek K. Singh Faculty, Department of Communication Studies, College of Applied Sciences Sultanate of Oman dr.asingh89@gmail.com ______________________________________________________________________________ 1. Introduction In the era of information society, media is playing a very crucial part in everyday lives. It influences both how we see ourselves and society in all perspectives. There are differentRead MoreBrand Audit of Vodafone6449 Words   |  26 Pagescampaign†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.21 7. Campaign Length and Frequency†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.21 8. Rationale behind approach, with justification – ranging from conceptual to empirical†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦...22 9. Method of tracking response and effectiveness†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦...23 10. Limitations†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦...27 11. Conclusion†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦27 Appendix B†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..29 References†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦...38 Section One Brand CampaignRead MoreRole of Crm in Telecom Sector 5340 Words   |  22 Pagesâ€Å"Role of CRM in Telecom Sector† Sheetal Singla MBA, Phd* Asst. Professor BGIET, Sangrur Background: This research paper is on the â€Å"Role of CRM in Telecom Sector†. The report begins with the abstract of Role of CRM in Telecom Sector, History of telecom sector the Introduction part. This report also contains the basic marketing strategies used by various telecom service providers.In today’s world of cutthroat competition, it is very essential to not only exist but also to excel in the marketRead Moreâ€Å"Role of Crm in Telecom Sector†5349 Words   |  22 Pagesâ€Å"Role of CRM in Telecom Sector† Sheetal Singla MBA, Phd* Asst. Professor BGIET, Sangrur Background: This research paper is on the â€Å"Role of CRM in Telecom Sector†. The report begins with the abstract of Role of CRM in Telecom Sector, History of telecom sector the Introduction part. This report also contains the basic marketing strategies used by various telecom service providers.In today’s world of cutthroat competition, it is very essential to not only exist but also to excel in the market. Today’sRead MoreComparative Analysis of Vodafone and Airtel Services in Pune Region5708 Words   |  23 Pages |1-2 | |02 |Executive summary |3-5 | |03 |Industry profile |6-10 | |04 |Company profile |11-12 | |05

Theodore A Serial Killer Who Claimed The Lives Of More...

Theodore (Ted) Robert Bundy was a serial killer who claimed the lives of more than 30 women, over the course of a decade (Owen). He was the son of Louise Cowell, who had Bundy on November 24, 1946 in the Elizabeth Lund Home for Unwed Mothers in Vermont (Rule). He was raised in Philadelphia, believing that his maternal grandparents were his parents (Ramsland). Ted and his mother Louise left to Washington State, shortly after arriving, Louise married Johnnie Bundy; who adopted Ted and gave him his famous surname (Ramsland). Ted attended the University of Puget Sound in Washington State and after a year he transferred to University of Washington (Rule). This is where he met Stephanie Brooks, his dream girl (Rule). Stephanie was from a wealthy†¦show more content†¦Even though he committed many crimes, he was formally charged for only four: the attempted kidnapping of Carol DaRonch, the abduction and murder of Caryn Campbell, the Florida State University Chi Omega murders, and th e Kimberly Leach abduction and murder (Rule). Ted Bundy has kidnapped, raped, beaten, sodomized, and/ or strangled: eleven women in Washington State, eight in Utah, four in Colorado, three in Florida, two in Oregon, two in Idaho, and one in California (Rule). Of all these victims only 20 were identified, five of which survived the attacks, and numerous other attempts at victims that we don’t know a numerical value (Rule). On November 8, 1974 in Murray, Utah, Bundy kidnapped Carol DaRonch by impersonating a police officer and telling DaRonch that someone attempted to break into her car and she needed to ride with him to the Police Station to fill out paperwork (Rule). During the trip, DaRonch realized that Bundy took a route that did not lead to the station, prompting Bundy to pull over; he tried to handcuff DaRonch, but failed by locking the handcuffs to the same wrists and she was able to run away from Bundy (Rule). Later on that day, Bundy abducted Debra Kent, a seventeen y ear old, who was picking up her sibling in from a play (Rule). Outside the auditorium that Debra was taken, police found a handcuff key that unlocked Carol DaRonch handcuffs (Rule). During

Module 3 Free Essays

Forecasting Highline Financial Service offers three types of service to its client. Managing partner, Freddie Mack would like to arrange the financial and staffing for the upcoming year. The data has shown that there is fluctuation with regards to each service the company offers Mr. We will write a custom essay sample on Module 3 or any similar topic only for you Order Now Mack would like to estimate future demand for services, keeping in mind that advertising, promotion and competition will remain constant at current rate. The data covers the company’s last eight quarters (2 years) and does not include any information with regards to seasonal trend. The fluctuation of demand in each service is a concern that needs to be addressed. Preparation of the most efficient plan of action for the upcoming year is a key to profit maximization. Highline Financial Services has complied data for their three categories of service from the past eight quarter. The data shows that the demand has been fluctuating with regards to each service. All of the company’s other factors (advertising, promotion, competition, etc. that may affect the demand for each service will remain equivalent to what it’s been in the past (Stevenson, 2012). Based on data provided Service A appears to be increasing annual and should increase over the next four quarters. Service B appears to be decreasing annually and displays signs that it will continue to follow a decreasing pattern over the next four quarters. Service C has an inconsistent quarterly pattern; it appears that the pattern of inconsistency will be followed over the next four quarters. Based on data analysis the best method for forecasting Highline Financial Services for the upcoming year would be the Moving Average (McNamara, 2012). The Moving Average offers the lowest Mean Absolute Deviation ( MAD), lowest means squared error (MSE), and the lowest mean absolute percent error (MAPE) of the two choices selected to forecast. The weighted moving average was not utilized due to the amount of data provide. The ability to access ranking to each quarter would be unjust due to lack of knowledge with regards to the start of the first quarter and seasonal trend information. Utilizing Moving Average techniques to project Highline Financial Services’ for the upcoming year isn’t perfect, but based on the data provided I believe will provide a reasonably good estimate. The Moving average is simple to understand and use, and provided a lower mean absolute percent error. More data is required for Mr. Mack to construct a viable financial and personnel plan for the next four quarters. However, the use of the projected demand coupled with qualitative data, and seasonal trends should provide a solid foundation for an accurate forecast. The demand trends for all three services have been and continue to show patterns of oscillation. The reasons for oscillation should be looked into and addressed in order to ensure that the company will maximize profit. References Stevenson,W. (2012). Operations Management (11th ed. ) McGraw-Hill higher Education publication Chapter 3-Power Point. Operations Management (11th ed. ) McGraw-Hill higher Education publication McNamara,C. Operations Management Retrieved from: managementhelp. org/operationsmanagement/index. htm How to cite Module 3, Papers Module 3 Free Essays

Non-Parametric Tests and Its Application in Management free essay sample

In this case, we use what are called nonparametric tests. These tests do not require any specific form for the distribution of the population. s non-parametric methods make fewer assumptions, their applicability is much wider than the corresponding parametric methods. In particular, they may be applied in situations where less is known about the application in  question. Also, due to the reliance on fewer  assumptions, non-parametric methods are  more robust. Another justification for the use of non-parametric methods is simplicity. In certain cases, even when the use of  parametric methods is justified, non-parametric methods may be easier to use. Due both to this simplicity and  to their greater robustness, non-parametric methods are seen by  some statisticians as leaving less room for  improper use and misunderstanding. The wider applicability and increased robustness of non-parametric tests comes at a cost:  in cases where a parametric test would be appropriate, non-parametric tests have less power. We will write a custom essay sample on Non-Parametric Tests and Its Application in Management or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page In other words, a larger sample size  can be required to draw conclusions with the same degree  of confidence. Non-parametric or distribution-free inferential  statistical methods are mathematical procedures for  statistical hypothesis testing which, unlike parametric statistics, make no assumptions about the probability distributions of the variables being assessed. When our data is normally distributed, the mean isequal to the median and we use the mean as our measure ofcenter. However, if our data is skewed, then the median is a much better measure of center. Therefore, justlike the Z, t and F tests made inferences about the population mean(s),nonparametric tests make inferences about the population median(s). Given below are the various nonparametric tests: * Chi square(? 2) * Kolmogorov  -Smirnov test * median test * Kruskal-Wallis one-way analysis of  variance by ranks * Friedman two-way analysis of variance by ranks * Kuipers  test * Mann-Whitney U * Wilcoxon  signed-rank  test * Wilcoxon  matched-pairs  test * Wald-  Wolfowitz  runs  test The details of some of the commonly used nonparametric is given below: The Sign test (for 2 repeated/correlated measures) The sign test is one of the simplest nonparametric tests. It is for use with 2 repeated (or correlated) measures (see the example below), and measurement is assumed to be at least ordinal. For each subject, subtract the 2nd score from the 1st, and write down the sign of the difference. (That is write â€Å"-† if the difference score is negative, and â€Å"+† if it is positive. ) The usual null hypothesis for this test is that there is no difference between the two treatments. If this is so, then the number of + signs (or signs, for that matter) should have a binomial distribution1 with p = . 5, and N = the number of subjects. In other words, the sign test is just a binomial test with + and in place of Head and Tail (or Success and Failure). Large sample sign test The sampling distribution used in carrying out the sign test is a binomial distribution with p =q = . 5. The mean of a binomial distribution is equal to Np, and the variance is equal to Npq. As N increases, the binomial distribution converges on the normal distribution (especially when p = q = . 5). When N is large enough (i. e. , greater than 30 or 50, depending on how conservative one is), it is possible to carry out a z-test version of the sign test as follows: z2 is equal to ? 2 with df = 1. Therefore This formula can be expanded with what Howell (1997) calls â€Å"some not-so-obvious algebra† to yield: Note that X equals the observed number of p-events, and Np equals the expected number of pevents under the null hypothesis. Similarly, N-X equals the observed number of q-events, and Nq = the expected number of q-events under the null hypothesis. Therefore, we can rewrite equation in a more familiar looking format as follows: Wilcoxon Signed-Ranks Test (for 2 repeated/correlated measures) One obvious problem with the sign test is that it discards a lot of information about the data. It takes into account the direction of the difference, but not the magnitude of the difference between each pair of scores. The Wilcoxon signed-ranks test is another nonparametric test that can be used for 2 repeated (or correlated) measures when measurement is at least ordinal. But unlike the sign test, it does take into account (to some degree, at least) the magnitude of the difference. Let us return to the data used to illustrate the sign test. The 14 difference scores were: -20, -7, -14, -13, -26, +5, -17, -9, -10, -9, -7, +3, +2, -17 If we sort these on the basis of their absolute values (i. e. , disregarding the sign), we get the results shown in Table 3. 2. The statistic T is found by calculating the sum of the positive ranks, and the sum of the negative ranks. T is the smaller of these two sums. In this case, therefore,T = 6. If the null hypothesis is true, the sum of the positive ranks and the sum of the negative ranks are expected to be roughly equal. But if H0 is false, we expect one of the sums to be quite smalland therefore T is expected to be quite small. The most extreme outcome favourable to rejection of H0 is T = 0. Large-sample Wilcoxon signed ranks test The following are known to be true about the sampling distribution of T, the statistic used in the Wilcoxon signed ranks test: If N gt; 50, then the sampling distribution of T is for practical purposes normal. And so, a z-ratio can be computed as follows: Friedman ANOVA This test is sometimes called the Friedman two-way analysis of variance by ranks. It is for use with k repeated (or correlated) measures where measurement is at least ordinal. The null hypothesis states that all k samples are drawn from the same population, or from populations with equal medians. It may be useful at this point to consider what kinds of outcomes are expected if H0 is true. H0 states that all of the samples (columns) are drawn from the same population, or from populations with the same median. If so, then the sums (or means) of the ranks for each of the columns should all be roughly equal, because the ranks 1, 2, and 3 would be expected by chance to appear equally often in each column. In this example, the expected _R for each treatment would be 10 if H0 is true. (In general, the expected sum of ranks for each treatment is N(k +1)/2. ) The Friedman ANOVA assesses the degree to which the observed _Rs depart from the expected _Rs. If the departure is too extreme (or not likely due to chance), one concludes by rejecting H0. The Fr statistic is calculated as follows TESTS OF GOODNESS OF FIT The purpose of the test of goodness of fit is the comparison of the distribution form (shape) of two features in one population or of one feature in two populations. The solution of many statistic problems is simpler, if the analysed feature has a normal distribution. Different statistical analyses require fulfilling the assumptions on the distribution normality of the analysed variable (T-Student tests, analysis of variance, analysis of regression, canonical analysis etc. . That is why we must previously carry out the verification of the distribution character every time we want to apply statistical analyses requiring the data of a determined distribution. Then, the circumstances of applying non-parametric tests of goodness of fit can be as follows: * As a start point for applying some specific models of parametric tests (ve rification of the mean value, variances of the variable distribution etc. , * As one of the elements of the verification of a mathematical model structure, correctness, for example in the case of modelling a real estate market (verification of the model remainders normality distribution), * A comparison of distributions in two different populations in order to draw conclusions on their similarity, * other practical issues, like verification of the dice symmetry. Between non-parametric tests of goodness of fit, we distinguish, among the others, the following: * Chi-square Pearson test, Kolomogorow test, * Kolomogorow-Smirnow test, * Kolomogorow-Lillieforse test, * Shapiro-Wilk test, * Wilcoxon test. Chi-square test of goodness of fit Chi-square test of goodness of fit requires a large market database because of its low power. We can apply it, for example, to examine the distribution of prices of a determined real estate type in a time interval, aiming to verify the assumptions of a s elected parametric test, used to verify, for example, the basic distribution parameters of this variable on a given local arket (mean price, its dispersion and the like). The run of this test can be described as follows: †¢ Classification of the values of the feature X: x1, x2, x3, †¦, xn gathered in a random sample (creation of a distributive series), †¢ Formulation of the zero hypothesis H0: cumulative distribution function of the examined feature is the function F0(x); if the hypothesis H0 is true, the probability pi that the variable X would take a value belonging to the i-th class (gi-1, gi) is: pi = F0(gi) – F0(gi-1). Statistics in this test has the form: it is a measure of differences between experimental ni and theoretical npi sizes of individual classes and it has a chi-square distribution, thus, we compare it with the critical values read off from the tables of this distribution. KRUSKAL-WALLIS TEST When we can assumethat our data is normally distributed and that the population standard deviations are equal, we can testfor a difference among several populations by using the One-way ANOVA F test. However,when ourdatais not normal,orwe aren’t sure if it is, we can use the nonparametric Kruskal-Wallis test to compare more than two populationsas long as our data comefroma continuous distribution. In the One-way ANOVA F test, we are testing to see if our population means are equal. Since our data might not necessarily be symmetric in the nonparametric setting, it is better touse the median as the measure of center, and so in theKruskal-Wallis test weare testing to see ifour population medians are equal. Recall the analysis ofvarianceidea: wewritethetotal observed variation in the responses as the sum of two parts,one measuring variation amongthe groups (sum of squares for groups, SSG) and one measuring variation among individual observations withinthe samegroup (sumof squares for error,SSE). The ANOVA F testrejects the null hypothesis that the mean responses are equal in all groups if SSG is large relative to SSE. The idea of the Kruskal-Wallis ranktest isto rank all theresponses fromall groups togetherandthen apply one-way ANOVA to theranks rather than to the original bservations. Ifthere are N observations in all,the ranks are always the whole numbers from1 to N. The total sumofsquares for the ranks is therefore a fixed number no matter what the data are. So wedo not need to look at both SSG and SSE. Although it isn’t obvious without someunpleasant algebra, the Kruskal-Wallistest statistic is essentially just SSGfor the ranks. When SSGis large, that is evidence that the gro ups differ. Draw independent SRSs of sizes n1,n2, ,nIfrom Ipopulations. There are N observations in all. Rank all N observations and let Ribe the sum of the ranks. When the sample sizesniare large and all Ipopulations have the samecontinuous distribution, H has approximately the chi-square distribution with I-1 degrees of freedom. The Kruskal-Wallis testrejects the null hypothesis thatall populationshave thesame distribution when H is large. So liketheWilcoxon rank sumstatistic,theKruskal-Wallistest statistic is based onthe sumsof the ranks for the groups we are comparing. The more different these sumsare, the stronger is the evidence thatresponses are systematically larger in somegroups than in others. As usual, we again assign average ranks to tied observations Advantages of nonparametric tests Siegel and Castellan (1988, p. 35) list the following advantages of nonparametric tests: 1. If the sample size is very small, there may be no alternative to using a nonparametric statistical test unless the nature of the population distribution is known exactly. 2. Nonparametric tests typically make fewer assumptions about the data and may be more relevant to a particular situation. In addition, the hypothesis tested by the nonparametric test may be more appropriate for the research investigation. . Nonparametric tests are available to analyze data which are inherently in ranks as well as data whose seemingly numerical scores have the strength of ranks. That is, the researcher may only be able to say of his or her subjects that one has more or less of the characteristic than another, without being able to say how much more or less. For example, in studying such a variable as anxiety, we may be able to state that subject A is more anxious than subject B without knowing at all exactly how much more anxious A is. If data are inherently in ranks, or even if they can be categorized only as plus or minus (more or less, better or worse), they can be treated by nonparametric methods, whereas they cannot be treated by parametric methods unless precarious and, perhaps, unrealistic assumptions are made about the underlying distributions. 4. Nonparametric methods are available to treat data which are simply classificatory or categorical, i. e. , are measured in a nominal scale. No parametric technique applies to such data. 5. There are suitable nonparametric statistical tests for treating samples made up of observations from several different populations. Parametric tests often cannot handle such data without requiring us to make seemingly unrealistic assumptions or requiring cumbersome computations. 6. Nonparametric statistical tests are typically much easier to learn and to apply than are parametric tests. In addition, their interpretation often is more direct than the interpretation of parametric tests. Disadvantages of nonparametric tests Nonparametric tests do have at least two major disadvantages in comparison to parametric tests. Nonparametric tests are less powerful Because parametric tests use more of the information available in a set of numbers. Parametric tests make use of information consistent with interval scale measurement, whereas parametric tests typically make use of ordinal information only. As Siegel and Castellan (1988) put it, â€Å"nonparametric statistical tests are wasteful. † Second, parametric tests are much more flexible, and allow you to test a greater range of hypotheses. For example, factorial ANOVA designs allow you to test for interactions between variables in a way that is not possible with nonparametric alternatives. There are nonparametric techniques to test for certain kinds of interactions under certain circumstances, but these are much more limited than the corresponding parametric techniques. Therefore, when the assumptions for a parametric test are met, it is generally (but not necessarily always) preferable to use the parametric test rather than a nonparametric test

Prop 8 Elephant in the room Essay

Prop 8 Elephant in the room Essay Prop 8: Elephant in the room Essay In response to the popular slogan: â€Å"Say â€Å"NO† to Prop Hate,† and one random commenter that I’m betting sounds familiar: â€Å"Do any of you who HATE gays, and yes, that’s the correct word, realize that gay marriage has been legal in CA for 4 months and has the world ended? Have all these horrible things happened? Has marriage been destroyed†¦ oh, no, it hasn’t. Weird, right? Get yourselves educated. We need to stop spreading the ignorance. Equality for all! And realize there are gay Christian people." There are plenty of people in my life who know I love them (well at least they know I don’t hate them,) but also know that I disagree with the choices they are making. They know where I stand because of my religious affiliations. I think the reason these people include me in their lives is because they know I can differentiate between them and those actions I don’t approve of. I love it that these people don’t rely on my approval of their every deed as basis for our friendship. (And vice versa.) I've noticed a commonality- maybe those associated with AA could define it better: people who choose to act on inappropriate feelings (addicts, sociopaths- people who can choose their actions vs. people with ticks†¦) have not only an interesting rationalization for their behavior, they also have the manipulative tactic of implying that, to the ignorant onlooker, there is no difference between actions and the people making the actions. I'll illustrate. A kleptomaniac steals something. I think that’s bad. But they have convinced themselves, and many others, that the very desire they have to steal is evidence of it’s validity as acceptable behavior. And to top it off, they twist my words, and call my disdain for their behavior, hatred for them. Here’s a point of disagreement between me and most people who have deviant sexual habits. A person who feels the need to steal, was born with that desire, and is only happy when stealing, can’t get away with it. Society won’t let them. Not only that, but most feel the need to change their behavior to be acceptable to the majority of society and to God. They don’t want to be defined as kleptomaniacs. The only difference I see between people with destructive tendencies and people who call themselves gay, is that â€Å"gay people† have numbed their consciences, and the conscienses of many others, to the point that many no longer feel the need to change their behavior to be acceptable to the majority of society and to God. Some have even convinced themselves that because they have these evil tendencies, God must have made them that way and wants them to act on those tendencies. God didn’t create a â€Å"gay person† any more than he created a â€Å"kleptomaniac.† I've heard the argument that without sex with someone of the same gender, a gay person can’t experience love in their lives. Maybe sex isn’t what love is all about. Maybe denying evil tendencies (who doesn’t have them) is what life is about. I've heard stories of wonderful people who took their own lives because they couldn't live with their burdens. What have we been taught about burdens? What have we been taught about enduring to the end? When have we been taught to pray for God to take away these burdens fully expecting Him to grant our wish? Whatever happend to Thy will be done? If living with these particular tendencies is your lot in life- embrace them as your trials, and use them to make you stronger- like any of the carnal desires all of us have! Enough playing the victim card. So you are embarrassed. So you wish you were like everyone else. We are ALL embarrassed by our various less-than-righteous inclinations. We ALL have the tendency to look around and think everyone else has it easier. We also know Who has felt every last bit of pain and suffering we have felt, and have, every last one of us, been given the promise that we can feel joy by coming unto Him. I’m going to be honest. I loved a guy who had no instincts to kiss me, and

Be sensitive; get the details right - Emphasis

Be sensitive; get the details right Be sensitive; get the details right Its always important to check over and authenticate the key details in anything you write before you send it out. But if theres ever a time when its absolutely vital, its when addressing sensitive matters. Gordon Brown knows this now better than anyone. At a time of year when everyone is particularly conscious of the lives and lot of soldiers, it is especially mortifying that he apparently sent out a handwritten condolence note with misspellings, including of the late young mans name. Whether its your unfortunate duty to be penning a letter denying a loan, rejecting a proposal or giving someone their notice, you must remember that the recipient will probably already be on the defensive. Any typos or unchecked errors will just seem like insult piled on top of injury. So, be it in the spirit of not burning bridges, of good press, or merely the milk of human kindness get the details right.

Managment and Cost Accounting Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Managment and Cost Accounting - Essay Example Since the costs of direct material and overheads are not determined accurately, there is a big risk that company might not produce competitive bids and unreasonably high prices are quoted to the insurance company. Therefore it is highly recommended that firstly the entity should classify accurately the costs associated with the product into fixed and variable. Secondly, actual charge is (should be) considered rather than standard costs, as it should be able to measure its actual cost of production. It is recommended that entity should consider using marginal costing method as it will allow the management to derive more relevant & important information for the purpose of decision-making. Information such as Contribution per unit, Break Even Sales (in units & value), Net Profit per unit and total can be of significant value to the management. In the era where companies are moving towards modern and world class business principles and reporting methodologies, there has been, since three decades, a significant debate on the validity of traditional absorption costing method in today’s decision making process. What are relevant costs when taking decisions relating to increasing the velocity of operating cycle and what are costs that are relevant solely when consideration is given to company objectives, goals and strategies? (Samford University, School of Business, Birmingham, Alabama, USA) We at William & Co. Consultants have made a feasibility study on the implications and benefits of implementing throughput accounting at BITE ME. "Throughput Accounting provides managers with a fresh set of eyes to identify and control bottlenecks. The drum, buffer, and rope will become part of the cost accounting lexicon in the future†, says Geoffrey Garland, Controller, StacoSwitch, Inc. (Steven Bragg). Throughput Accounting (TA) is a comprehensive management accounting approach which provides decision support information to managers

Global Crimes Analysis Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Global Crimes Analysis - Research Paper Example As a result, there is comparison and contrast of the various international criminal justice systems especially on addressing the major global crimes and criminal issues. Addressing some major global crimes Gangs provide significant contribution to crime activities such as firearms transactions and violence, drug sales and use, home invasions, car theft, homicide, graffiti, and other related major crimes in the world (Muraskin & Roberts, 2009). To address these issues, Muraskin and Roberts exemplified four generic programs such as prevention, intervention, suppression, and comprehensive strategies. In the US and even the world, punishments integrated with the justice systems are the usual way on how society addressed global crimes (Muraskin & Roberts, 2009). Furthermore, according to Muraskin and Roberts, in the US justice system so as to address major crimes especially those associated with terroristic acts, policy to address them requires sophistication and resources. This means, th e US has to advance further especially within its justice system when it comes to addressing global crimes. In the case of US’s war on drugs, which has become global, some advocates believe that there is a need for policy improvement and development in the justice system (Waller, 2009). For instance, based on Waller’s book, since the number of incarcerated law offenders is in an upward spiral in the US, taking for instance the figure from 1980 to 2001 which is 1,300 percent, it has become one of the bases for legalization of possession or sale of marijuana, cocaine and opium. According to some experts as pointed out from the book of Waller, this should be a remarkable indication that the US justice system has eventually failed on its war on drugs, which at some point have resulted to social consequences. At this point, Waller presents some significant facts that it is important to understand that the only means US could promote effective implementation of its policy as sociated with its war on drugs is to encourage the entire world to have its stand to fight on illegal possession and use of prohibited drugs. However, it is not only on fight against drugs is active in its participation. In fact, the fight against terrorism is not just a main concern of the US and the essential proof of this is the emancipation of international standards in the detaining of suspects in the said country (Hakimi, 2009). On the other hand, European governments are against transnational organized crime particularly on smuggling of migrants, trafficking in persons, and trafficking of firearms, which eventually lead to anti-political campaign for anti-trafficking interventions (Anderson & Andrijasevic, 2008). Although economic incentives are of primary importance in the organization of organized crime, non-economic nature associated with it such as cultural, social, and political issues are also remarkable prior to understanding and policing it (Arsovska & Kostakos, 2008) . There are many reasons why modern form of human slave in a form of sex trafficking and slave labor continue to persist today and these include debt as tool of manipulation, fraudulent practices which associate middle-men brokering across international boundaries, weak laws and weak enforcement of them, sponsorship laws in Persian Gulf States, lack of understanding of human

The Capitalist Future: A Consequence of Calvinist Annunciation :: essays research papers fc

The Capitalist Future: A Consequence of Calvinist Annunciation In his work, The Protestant Ethic and the Spirit of Capitalism, Weber predicts that the future will be a world of "mechanized perfection" devoid of "religious and ethical meaning." In this world modern capitalism becomes a self sustaining system no longer needing the Calvinist religious impetus that had inspired the work ethic. Weber argues that the future will be a capitalistic society, where the proletariat and the bourgeoisie alike, will not be driven by religious motivation, but instead by a constant struggle to benefit from the system. He reasons that this future of the capitalist society is a direct consequence of the teachings of Calvinism. The Calvinist work ethic of 'living to work' forms the core of modern capitalism. This ethic originated from the Calvinist doctrine of predestination and the notion of a transcendental God. Predestination decrees that God has already picked out who those "predestined into everlasting life" (100) and those "foreordained to everlasting death" (100). Calvinists also believe that God, a distant "grand conception" (164) who is "beyond all human comprehension," (164) is unreachable. Both these beliefs together eliminated any possibility of appeasing God through service or sacrifice. The answer to the question whether believers were the chosen or the damned could thus neither be influenced nor known. If, however, one turned his work into a 'calling,' restricting any desire to wasteful pleasure, he could experience a feeling of assurance that he is indeed a member of the Elect. Calvinism preached this ascetic ethic of hard work and complete absence of frivolous waste of money and time. As a result, the work ethic of the population shifted from 'working to live' to 'living to work.' Traditional capitalism which relied on the "greedy maximization of profit in a one-shot enterprise," (14) became the rational modern capitalism, a continuous cycle involving the constant "productive investment of capital." (172) The Calvinist teachings demanded honest dealings in business, steady production and sales, and continuous savings and reinvestment which no doubt led to phenomenal business growth and success. Weber illustrates in the following quote: "When the limitation of consumption is combined with the release of acquisitive activity, the inevitable practical result is obvious: accumulation of capital through ascetic compulsion to save." (172) This "diligent and frugal" (175) attitude made people richer and "material goods gained an increasing and finally an inexorable power over the lives of men." (181) The dependence on external goods went from the "light cloak which can be thrown aside at any moment" (181) to a necessity, or as Weber puts it, an "iron cage." (181) The so called acetic lifestyle now led to an increased

Wall Street

How far will you go to be successful? How far will you go to win? Nothing can illustrate the lengths that a person is willing to take just to profit than in the cutthroat world of stocks. And no place in the world is more ruthless than Wall Street. Wall Street (Stone, 1987) takes its viewers to a behind-the-scenes look at this place in the world where people live and feed on stocks. The entirety of the film tackles a lot of moral conflicts that are involved in the business dealings done within the movie. This is Oliver Stone’s criticism of the mentality of the people who utilized illegal means just to get the biggest profit in the quickest time. Stone criticism not only targeted the corporate raiders whose practices were being exposed in the insider trading scandal in the 1980s, but it was a critique on the quick-buck culture that was prevalent then and even at this time. THE PLOT The plot is traditional and formulaic. A young hotshot, wanting to be successful, gets the opportunity when his persistence pays off as he is hired by a famous veteran. The rookie takes on the job albeit the discovery of the illegalities of the methods. He gets the perks and the movie shows its audience the grandiose rewards he gets. When a conflict of interest arises, he goes against the veteran. He loses everything yet he gets his payback. This has been a formula for a number of movies, and Wall Street is no exception. The young, idealistic hotshot here is Bud Fox, played by Charlie Sheen. He is a stockbroker for a lesser-known Wall Street firm. The hotshot is a dreamer. In one scene in the movie where he just lost a lot of money because of a client, he utters that he dreams of being on the other side of the call sometimes. In subsequent scenes too, it can be observed that Bud does not dream of being a stockbroker forever. To achieve that dream, he constantly calls the office of his hero for a chance of getting an audience and ultimately, impressing him to gain employment under his hero’s wing. The veteran, excessively rich and wealthy, and the movie protagonist’s hero is Gordon Gekko. This role led Michael Douglas to garnering an Academy Award of Lead Performance by an Actor. He is indeed truly worthy of the award as he portrayed the cold and vicious yet in some way appealing Gekko to the hilt. Gekko represents the ultimate corporate raider, the Wall Street shark who buys and closes down companies under their noses for his profit. Yet his methods, though disagreeable, are effective and masterfully justified as evidenced by his Greed is good speech in the movie (to be discussed later). On Gekko’s birthday, Bud shows up in Gekko’s office with a box of Davidoff cigars as a present and a bribe to finally get the opportunity he has been waiting for. Desperate to impress Gekko, Bud blurts out insider information that his father Carl (played by Martin Sheen, Charlie’s real-life father) revealed to him about BlueStar airlines. Carl works for BlueStar and also serves as a union leader there. When Gekko profits out of Bud’s tip, he saw something in the kid that he liked. He saw the killer instinct, the will and determination to do whatever it takes to succeed. He saw a bit of himself in Bud, as he revealed later on in the movie. He then employs Bud to work for him but not as an ordinary broker. He asks Bud to spy on his competition and other illegal acts. At first, Bud hesitates but he eventually agrees. He is rewarded with his works, and not without extravagance. Bud enjoys the luxurious life that his work with Gekko provided for him. The main conflict of the film arises when Bud decides to make BlueStar competitive. Bud enthusiastically pushes forward his proposals to Gekko. Gekko, on the other hand, agrees with the proposals armed with contrasting intentions compared to that of Bud’s. When Gekko and Bud present their plan to BlueStar representatives, including Carl, Carl voices out his opposition as he sees behind the guise that Gekko puts on. Yet, Bud remains to be sold by Gekko’s deception. It did not take much time before Bud realizes what Gekko’s plan really is. When Bud learns that Gekko plans to sell the hangars and planes, he confronts Gekko. When asked why he was wrecking BlueStar, Gekko answers, â€Å"Because it’s wreckable.† From there, Bud sets off a plan to save BlueStar. Eventually they do but not without consequences. Bud is arrested for illegal insider trading by the SEC. Still, he manages to get payback as he lures Gekko into a trap and thus managing to record Gekko’s confession of guilt on tape. The film ends with Bud walking on the steps of a courthouse on his way to his sentencing. ISSUES The Quick-Buck mentality vs. Hard Work and Fair Play Wall Street can be likened to a battle of two fathers over the moral consciousness of a son. This is not the only movie where Stone used this concept. His Vietnam War movie Platoon also shares this conflict (where Charlie Sheen also portrays the role of the â€Å"son† torn between two fathers, one good and another evil). In Wall Street, Carl Fox and Gordon Gekko represent the two opposing sides in the contest over the moral beliefs of Bud Fox, the â€Å"son†. Gekko represents the cutthroat businessman who resorts to all means to gain the biggest profit in the easiest way. He does so through illegal means but not without justification. The list of his reasons is not uncommon and yet is still popularly used even up to these times to justify wrongdoings. These include excuses like â€Å"Everybody does it†, â€Å"There’s something in this for everybody†, â€Å"Nobody gets hurt†, â€Å"As long as we don’t get caught†, etc. This promotes dishonesty in business dealings. But as shown by Gekko, it is this type of people who get to be on top of the hill. The ruthless, the cunning, or the relentless are the ones who succeed and eat up those who strive to compete in the merciless world of business. The implication of the justifications Gekko provides for his actions can be summed up in the common adage, saying that â€Å"if you can’t beat them, join them†. Surely, there are other people in the real world that are similar in nature to Gekko, people who become extremely successful using unethical methods. Competing with these people is one Herculean task to surmount. Thus, there are those who give up on competing with such sharks on ethical grounds and are consequently influenced to follow their lead. In today’s world, it is not surprising to find people like Gekko and the quick-buck mentality that they adhere to, where they prioritize profit over anything else including morals and services to their clients. On the other hand, Carl Fox represents the people who advocate hard work and honesty in business dealings. Carl Fox is not the only character in the film that adheres to such philosophy. One superior of Bud in the Wall Street firm stated, in one of the earlier scenes, that â€Å"good things sometimes take time.† He cites IBM and Hilton as examples. This is a direct contrast to Gekko’s impatient and short-term approach towards business. Success, via the ethical way, takes time. But eventually it will come to those who work hard and remain ethical in their ways. This kind of thinking seems to be overshadowed by the prevalent success of the Gekko-like businessmen. Despite that, there are those who remain stern to keeping their methods unstained by illegalities. They preach that hard work will reap its benefits but it takes time. Gekko scoffs at this conception citing his father as an example of a hardworking man who worked all his life and died of mediocrity. In the present day, there are those who steadfastly hold on to this principle despite all the satirical points made against their cause. Bud Fox in the movie represents the â€Å"son† torn between two fathers, namely Gekko and Carl. He is the student confused on which school of thought to pursue, the quick-buck or fair play. This is actually a mirror of today’s world. Stone intended this movie to reflect the rugged financial wheeling and dealing that is actually happening, especially at the time when the movie was made. The playing field is so dominated by players who have regard profit, wealth and winning above any other consideration. What Bud Fox represents is the individual player who is given a choice on which side to choose, the cunning majority or the blue-collar minority. Stone’s message is a dark warning for those who follow Gekko’s way. As one of Bud’s bosses says it, â€Å"Enjoy it while it lasts, because it never does.† The film ends with both Fox and Gekko getting prosecuted. They may enjoy the riches brought about by their illegal actions but time will come when their misdoings will collect their due. Meanwhile, those who do not heed the call of the â€Å"easy money† are bound to have no worries of retribution. Greed is good? The highlight of the film, what significantly won Michael Douglas his Oscar for Acting, is the scene where he delivers the Greed is Good speech. Such conception was the popular mindset (and alibi) for the profit-obsessed culture in the 1980s market that Stone was criticizing. By this scene, Stone shows his viewers the kind of eloquence and guts that people like Gekko have in defending the actions they do. This scene masterfully and powerfully provides that illustration. Gekko’s claims, amazingly delivered by Douglas, provide a chill to the spine of viewers as it shows just how ruthless and yet appealingly logical Gekko is. He delivers the speech with such composure and bravado that merits cheers and jubilation among his audience and silences his detractors despite the obvious disreputability of his catchphrase. The setting here is that Gekko is trying to take over a company, Teldar Paper. In a shareholders meeting of such company, company management oppose such planned take over by Gekko mainly because of Gekko’s reputation as a company raider. Gekko, on the other hand, rebuffs this voiced out opposition with this grand speech, provided here in part: The point is, ladies and gentlemen: Greed, for lack of a better word, is good. Greed is right; greed works. Greed clarifies, cuts through, and captures the essence of the evolutionary spirit. Greed, in all of its forms, greed for life, for money, for love, knowledge – has marked the upward surge of mankind and greed, you mark my words – will save not only Teldar Paper but that other malfunctioning corporation called the USA. At first look, he may have a point. As evidenced by the acceptance of his audience, it seems as though Gekko has indeed made a very convincing statement. All development can be traced to man’s insatiable hunger for life, money, love, knowledge, etc. as noted by Gekko. It is seemingly logical to think that greed is the driving force behind every single successful venture of man. If that is so, then it is just right to teach people to be greedy. Right? If this was the case, then the movie should have ended with a decisive statement that Gekko never gets caught. But Stone had a different view. Stone included this speech in the movie to showcase up to what absurd lengths people like Gekko go to in order to twist the facts and values long-cherished by society just to justify their cause and actions. Greed is wanting in excess of something that is never meant to be one’s own. It is an excessive desire to possess more than one needs or deserves. Anything in excess is wrong and can never be good, as declared in Nicomachean ethics. This just proves how twisted Gekko and his kind are. They turn something innately bad to something good just to satisfy their inner selves that there is nothing wrong with what they are doing. They are blinded by their greed on what is truly wrong and write. Greed overcomes them. The desire for winning the deal is more dominant than observing ethics. Even the rewards of money and luxurious living are never enough if one is overrun by greed. In the movie, Gekko and Bud are enjoying the luxurious life yet the audience never gets to examine the splendor of their riches as these are only shown in passing. Such is the life dedicated to greed. It doesn’t give room to gloat in the rewards because it constantly seeks more. The concept of enough eludes them. When Bud confronts Gekko of how much is enough, Gekko struggles to answer. Greed does that to a person. Greed corrupts. Too much of anything corrupts to a point where the boundaries between right and wrong are breached just to temporarily satisfy and insatiable appetite for winning the deal. Greed twists the morality of a person. It changes the priorities of a person involved, in a deal; greed is self-serving instead of serving what the deal embodies, which is the people that will benefit from it. It is this moral corruption that Stone exposes through this movie, the moral corruption brought about by wealth and greed. The legal corruption is only set as a backdrop amidst the crisis in morality that the protagonist of the film is going through. CONCLUSION Oliver Stone’s main message in this film is that the ways of the wicked will ultimately fail. He concludes the movie by Gekko getting caught on tape with a confession of his illegal acts after he falls for a trap set by Bud and the SEC. Bud is also indicted for the things he did while employed by Gekko. The last scene shows him walking towards his sentencing. This ending can be classified as a traditional one. It gives the viewers the old impression that â€Å"good† ultimately triumphs over â€Å"evil†. If the movie happened in reality though, there would have been a very different ending. There is one observable major flaw in the movie. One can only speculate on the reasons why such flaw can be bypassed by Stone (either corporate pressure to leave a good ending or it’s a pun to the romanticism of movies). If Gekko is such a cold, calculating and cunning man, it is highly doubtful whether he would let himself be trapped by such methods. It is more doubtful if he would allow himself to be seen with Bud after Bud was unceremoniously arrested. It is also unlikely that Gekko would not anticipate a wire on Bud when they met near the end of the movie. In summation, the ending is highly doubtful. The relevance of such obvious flaw is that it leaves its viewers (at least, those who recognized such flaw) with no hope of romanticist ideals that such a conflict can be resolved easily. In today’s world, there are a number of Gekko’s around. The flaw of the movie makes viewers realize that a number of Gekko’s out there do exist and are left unscathed and undetected (maybe even untouchable). It is then left to the viewer what to do with such fact of life. Surrounded by sharks and unethical financial players, the present financial manager is faced with a choice, the Gekko-way or the hard way. The movie ends with an easy resolution promoting an ideal situation where the â€Å"bad† guys fail. In the real world, that may not always be the case. It is up to the person whether to abide by ethics and laws in financial dealings or bend such laws and ethical rules because there are those who get away with it and they are the ones on top. The movie provides two ways towards success, the hard and long way or the easy way where rules are only part of the show. Reference: 1. Stone, O.   (1987). Wall Street. California: 20th Century Fox.   

Essay On Birth Control - 2057 Words

Should birth control be free even for teens? Study has shown that giving out free birth control to people and even teens would benefits adults and even young girls. Using birth control lowers the risk of becoming pregnant. Birth control has so many benefits as well. It has health benefits and teens and adults would actually use birth control if they have a free and easy way to get it . Birth control should be available for free and teens should have easy access to it because some people can not afford it , it will cause less teen pregnancy and women and girls can be protected at all times if they ever get sexually assaulted. The first reason why birth control should be free is because some people can not afford it. People who get†¦show more content†¦Poor women are less likely to use contraceptives. ( Rampell 2015) â€Å"When they do have sex, poor women are much less likely to use contraceptives.†) Poor women have no way of getting birth control when they have sex so they just put themselves at risk. A quote for my supporting detail is â€Å"Both rich and poor women are sexually active yet somehow it is predominantly poor women end up getting pregnant.To summarize it is saying that both rich and poor are sexually active but poor women get pregnant because birth control is expensive. Poor women are less likely to use contraceptives because they do not have ways of getting them. Free birth control can reduce government spending. ( Rampell , 2015)† If you want to increase high school and college completion rate, discourage people from going on welfare improve low income people earning potential and reduce government spending at all family planning services should be on your list.†) This supporting details says family planning services should be available for everyone and it will make life easier. A quote for my supporting detail ( Rampell 2015 ‘Maybe it is not the only thing you can advocate or even your top priority but it s hould be at least a tool kit†). The quote says they should at least make an effort to have family planning services for people who need it. Free birth control can reduce pregnancy which can reduce many economic problem and othersShow MoreRelatedBirth Control Essay1027 Words   |  5 PagesMcadam English 3 April 16, 2013 Birth Control, Why be Frowned Upon? 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Since then birth control has evolved into several different forms, including pills, patches, implants, injections, and sponges. As stated by the Guttmacher Institute, â€Å"more than 43 million women of reproductive age are sexually active and want to prevent pregnancy, as of OctoberRead MoreEssay on Birth Control 1960 Words   |  8 Pagesfor Disease Control conducted a study on contraceptive use; their findings concluded â€Å"four out of five women have used birth control pills† during one point of their lives (Basset). Birth control pills have been around for over six decades, and their popularity has significantly increased during the past decade. Thousands of sexually-active women are turning to birth control pills as a way to prevent unplanned pregnancy, regulate periods, and to control acne. None theless, birth control pills are synthetic