Death Penalty As A Form Of Capital Punishment - 895 Words

In some states they practice death penalty as a form of capital punishment. The death penalty has been around since the country has been founded and is defined as the punishment of execution, administered to someone legally convicted of a capital crime. Legally there are only a number of ways one can be executed here in the U.S, those include; lethal injection, electrocution, gas chamber, hanging, and firing squad, with lethal injection being the most common form. For centuries people have argued for or against this potentially controversial saying morally, constitutionally it is either correct or incorrect, it will or will not deter criminals, and the cost of death/life in prison is cheaper. Those for the death penalty argue that morally it is fair. Stating that the death penalty honors human dignity by treating the defendant as an actor of moral freedom able to control his or her own destiny for good or for evil. Morally it is fair that if one takes the life of one than there life is up for the taking no matter the person. Such crimes such as rape, torture, treason, kidnapping, murder, larceny are in the hands of experts to decide with the evidence whether or not the defendant is guilty or not (Top 10 Pros and Cons, 2009). Whenever the death penalty comes up, the question is always â€Å"Is this constitutional?† Those in favor agree that it is in fact one hundred percent constitutional. The most common executions that are done, are done in human ways such as lethalShow MoreRelatedThe Death Penalty As A Form Of Capital Punishment1917 Words   |  8 Pagesmerely denying another human the right to live. Death Penalty is a sentence where the state terminate the life of the convicted as a form of capital punishment. The death penalty is legal as well as long as it is imposed fairly. It is one has been an ongoing battle in the United States that raises some litigation issues regarding the effectiveness of counsel, the use of qualified juries, and the length y period in which offenders have to spend on death row while anticipating execution. However, in orderRead MoreThe Death Penalty Is A Form Of Capital Punishment Essay2352 Words   |  10 PagesThe death penalty is a form of capital punishment which has been implemented in the judicial system for thousands of years, the popularity of which has fluctuated throughout the years. Over time, the public has generally been supportive of the use of the death penalty within the United States judicial system, where at one point almost all citizens were in favor of this form of capital punishment. However, in more recent years, the support for it has decreased and due to this it has become a lessRead MoreWhy the Death Penalty is Ineffective1552 Words   |  6 PagesWhy the Death Penalty is Ineffective The society constantly tries to reason with an effective way to respond to violence. Differences in opinion on the use of death as punishment arise from differences in religious, ethical, cultural, and morale perspectives. The role of death as a punishment for an offence has not been solved today, and remains a dilemma for the citizenrys political, legal, social, and religious thought. This is because an answer to the question is the death penalty effectiveRead MoreCapital Punishment Of The United States961 Words   |  4 Pages Capital Punishment in the United States For centuries, capital punishment has been used as a consequence of capital crime. Criminals who have committed such crimes are subject to facing the death penalty. Pickens shares, â€Å"Capital crimes are considered to be treason or terrorist attacks against the government, crimes against property when life is threatened, and crimes against a person that may include murder, assault, and robberyRead MorePros And Cons Of The Death Penalty1348 Words   |  6 Pagesmethods of punishment on lawbreakers and criminals. These include jail time, community service, paroles, fines, and the most shocking, the death penalty. The death penalty, also referred to as capital punishment, was first introduced in the form of hanging hundreds of years ago when America was first established. Now, the most common way of execution proves to be death by lethal injection. For hundreds of years, people have argued over whether or not the general idea of capital punishment stands morallyRead MoreThe Truth About The Death Penalty973 Words   |  4 Pagesâ€Å"The Truth About The Death Penalty†, Carina Kolodny argues that the death penalty should be abolished in all fifty states due to the fact that it is ineffective and very expensive. Kolodny believes that capital punishment has too many complications and variables that cause it be more of an issue than a real solution for capital offenses. She proposes that the death penalty should be dropped and exchanged for better programs such as Proposition 34, which replaces capital punishment for a sentence ofRead More Capital Punishment Essay1136 Words   |  5 Pagesexpression, â€Å"an eye for an eye, a tooth for a tooth† has become the basis for this political debate over the past several decades --- capital punishment. In society today, many people are murdered every day by the hands of another human being. Those who are for capital punishment promote that it is a deterrent for crime, provides closure, and is a moral p unishment for those who choose to take a human life. Those not in favor of it argue that it is an ineffective crime deterrent, sends the wrongRead MorePros And Cons Of Capital Punishment1303 Words   |  6 PagesCapital Punishment: The Benefits and Downfalls Taylor M. Osborne Charleston Southern University Abstract The following essay explores the pros and cons of capital punishment. A brief history of how capital punishment was introduced into modern society is included. Various resources have been used for research which include online articles, studies, and textbook references. This paper suggests the costs of capital punishment to be very high, but brings closure and justice to families, and evenRead MorePersuasive Essay On The Death Penalty910 Words   |  4 Pageshistory of capital punishment, and why others believe it is okay. Capital punishment is when someone has committed a crime in which they are sentenced to death. In this paper I will be arguing that the death penalty is okay. Capital punishment has been a controversial and debatable issue for centuries. People have been sentenced to capital punishment since the beginning of time, it has been accepted as fair punishment by law enforcement within any period. Over time capital punishment has becomeRead MoreCapital Punishment And The Death Penalty Essay1690 Words   |  7 PagesLiterature Review Capital punishment is defined as â€Å"a form of sentencing where the convicted person is ordered to death by the court system (Dotson and Carter, 2012, p.1). Capital punishment also known as the death penalty is one of the most controversial issues in today’s society. Many supporters and opponents of the death penalty debate over whether it is constitutional, whether it is inhumane, and whether it deters crime. Some abolitionists view the death penalty as immoral because it violates

Film and Soviet Bloc Nations Essay - 1312 Words

How did the Paramount decision of 1948 change the U.S. film industry? To what degree did the decision alter the way the industry did business? The Supreme Court ruled against the Hollywood’s monopoly of the film industry of the United States, directing that the production and distribution of movies be separated from movie exhibition practices. The ruling marked the death of studio era and led to numerous changes in film industry decades later. The paramount decision pushed the Twentieth century fox, Big Five studios, MGM, Paramount, RKO and Warner Bros companies to sell some of their theatre chains. The ruling went ahead to outlaw the price discriminatory and purchasing arrangements, fixing of admissions prices, block booking and†¦show more content†¦They utilized the emergence of innovations such as cinemascope, 3-D, stereophonic sound and many others to produce these films. Identify the major segments of the U.S. film going audience targeted by producers in the 1950s. What kinds of films were produced for each of these segments? The first one was the teen audience segment, which proved to have higher spending powers because of their disposable income that they used mainly on entertainment. Hollywood therefore produced films that fall under this segment such as The Blackboard Jungle (1955) and as Rebel without a Cause (1955). The second segment was immigrant and working- class audiences that had enough money to buy tickets for the theaters. The third segment was the films targeting anti-communist groups, whereby Hollywood produced more than 50 movies that were against the communist societies. The films intoxicated people that hate the communist societies, saying that these people were murderers, didn’t have children and also caused problems when arrested. Films such as, In Vittorio de Sica’s featuring the Bicycle Thief, was produced in 19 50s. What factors lay behind the upscaling of Hollywood film genres during the 1950s? Identify the significant genres of the postwar period, and explain how each was affected by enhanced production values and increased thematic complexity. There are many factors that lead to the upscaling genres (Melodrama, the Western,Show MoreRelatedThe Cold War And Its Effects On The Soviet War1343 Words   |  6 PagesEastern Bloc Michael Fritz Excelsior College September 17, 2014 The political landscape, economic climate change and religious beliefs all factored into the Cold War due the fact that it lasted nearly 5 decades. The Cold War changed histrionically from each administration change that every nation faced during these long time periods. In the Soviet Union political landscapes went from Stalin to Khruschev then Brezhnev, each impacting the Cold War with significant actions. In the film CzechoslovakiaRead MoreNuclear Warfare And Fear Of Nuclear Weapons1180 Words   |  5 PagesThe cold war is a state of political and military tension that developed primarily between powers in the Western Bloc, the United States and Eastern Bloc, and USSR after the World War Two. The rivalry between the USA and the Soviet Union brought in mutual suspicions, increased tension, and a couple of international incidents that resulted in a brink of disaster among the world’s superpowers. The Cold War and its consequences left an unfading legacy of popular culture, e specially in media featuringRead MoreThe Science Fiction Film Genre Essay1691 Words   |  7 PagesThe science-fiction film genre serves as an excellent medium for examining shifting power structures, social paranoia and Cold War politics during the 1950s. A number of films released during this period, including: Invasion of the Body Snatchers (1956), The Day the Earth Stood Still (1951), Them (1954) and Attack of the 50ft Woman (1958), are particularly symptomatic of the social and political atmosphere of the time. These films navigate not only narrative based issues such as the threat of aliensRead MoreMy Perestroik The Soviet Union1715 Words   |  7 PagesOver the past century, the world has seen the dominance, gradual decline, and eventual collapse of the Soviet Union. The past few decades have been marked by many former Soviet bloc nations establishing their independence and nationhood and attempting to rebuild following many years of censorship and government control. Howev er, countries such as Russia have struggled to move past the former Soviet days economically, politically, and socially. My Perestroika clearly reflects the hardship endured byRead MoreCulture Behind the Curtain Essay2940 Words   |  12 PagesFrancis Fukuyama, in The Origins of Political Order, suggested that nation-states are mountain ranges. No sooner do they begin to rise, does erosion begin to immediately tear them down. It is a tragic paradox: as nation-states become more powerful they become more fragile, as beneath the formal structures of state bureaucracy there exist populations connected by informal relations and cultural constructions. If at any point these relations or constructions shift political order is lost. In the lateRead MoreThe Time Period Of The Cold War1387 Words   |  6 Pageson the texts. The Cold War began after the end of World War II, after the atomic bombing of Hiroshima and Nagasaki by the United States of America; that continued until the early 90s with the dissolving of the Soviet Union. The two sides of the Cold War were the Western Bloc and Eastern Bloc, which are terms given to the alliances formed by the USA and NATO; and the USSR and the Warsaw Pact respectively. Named for its lack of major conflict or bloodshed between its two super powers, the USA and USSRRead MoreThe Effects Of Fear And Anxiety On The Cold War3826 Words   |  16 PagesStates and could be the next one to be bombed. The Americans fear was rooted in the fact that such destructive technology even existed; it was shocking that this power could be possessed and it was very probable that it could be used by the other nations against them. Although, the bombs true power was in its psychological value not its explosive force. This fear led to tension between the countries, the sense that no o ne knew who would attack first and if one country attacked it would lead to nuclearRead MoreEssay about Culture Behind the Curtain1931 Words   |  8 Pagesclassical and folk music, Soviet youths remained uncooperative, preferring instead, the music of Western rock bands. No matter what they tried, the Soviets simply could not control the lives of their population any longer, especially with respect to what music and fashions were popular. Rock music was already freely accessible from radio stations like Radio Luxembourg or the BBC, and dedicated rock enthusiasts lapped it up. â€Å"For westerners, it was music to dance to; for those in Soviet Russia, when youRead MoreThe War During The Cold War Essay1408 Words   |  6 PagesAs the Second World War came to a close and American and Soviet forces marched into German territory, both states understood that shortly thereafter their common foe would be defeated and their relationship very well could deteriorate. Even prior to the United States’ entrance into the war, media companies and state officials themselves spoke out against the â€Å"evils† of communism, though that rhetoric was put on hold as the Soviet Union and America fought alongside one another against the Axis powersRead MoreEssay about The Cold War and Reagan1378 Words   |  6 PagesWhat major roles did President Reagan serve in the cold war? A cold war is defined as a conflict between nations for national advantage conducted by political, economic, and psychological means instead of direct military action. The Cold War defined by the same source was determined to be the contest for power between the communist nations headed by the Soviet Union and the nations of the West headed by the United States that began after World War II(Barnhart Thorndike, 198). Causes

Othello Plot Analysis Free Essays

Bynum ENG 201-02 22 April 2013 The Tragedy of Othello the Moor of Venice: Plot Analysis Title: The Tragedy of Othello the Moor of Venice Type:Play/Tragedy Author:William Shakespeare Theme:Jealousy is the theme. From the beginning to the very end of this play, every major conflict was caused because of jealousy. If it was not for the envy of one’s job, wife or money, many deaths could have been averted. We will write a custom essay sample on Othello Plot Analysis or any similar topic only for you Order Now Exposition:In this play, the author must identify the relationships and previous conflicts between the characters, and background on each major character. In The Tragedy of Othello the Moor of Venice, Shakespeare identifies the relationship between the characters in the beginning of the play with a character list which included the character’s name, title and relationship to whomever. The conflicts between characters where emphasized in the characters words to one another or in the character’s aside. Protagonist:Othello, The Moor of Venice, is the Protagonist. Beside the obvious, Othello is the main character in this play because all conflict surrounds him. Being the odd one out by being of skin color, having such a high social class standing, and being one of the best warriors all around causes him to be the center of attention. Antagonist:Iago, the Moor’s ensign, is the Antagonist. In everything Iago did, he was conniving and manipulative. He stepped on any and every one to make his underlying plan work. Every move he made was for his own gratification. He was sincere to none, not even his own wife. Major Conflict:Othello and Desdemona marry against many people’s wishes and it angers quite a few people. As Iago is manipulating Othello into believing that his wife Desdemona has been betraying him in his bed, Granziano and Lodovico (kinsman of Brabanzio, Desdemona’s Father and Senator of Venice) come to bare news of the Duke of Venice. The news stated for Othello to return home and his lieutenant, Michael Cassio, to take his place in power. Misconception causes Othello to strike Desdemona and in a turn of events, leads to the slaughter of Desdemona, Cassio, Roderigo and many more. Conflicts:(1) Man vs. Man: In Act 4 takes place a sword fight between Roderigo and Cassio. Bother were tricked by Iago to fight one another in the dark. Resulting in Roderigo’s death. (2) Man vs. Nature: In Act 3, Iago planned to have Othello listen in on a conversation between himself and Cassio. Iago led Othello to believe the conversation between Cassio and him was about Desdemona, although it was really about Bianca. It just so happened that Bianca barged into the scene with the handkerchief Othello gave to Desdemona. Iago had no idea, it would play out to his advantage but it just so happened it did. (3) Man vs. Self: After Othello kills Desdemona, it is discovered that Desdemona was in fact faithful to him and never lied. He then cries and explains his sorrow. Inciting Incident:Iago was passed by for the position of Lieutenant by, his good comrade, Othello and it was given to Cassio. Also hearing that Othello took his wife to bed, Iago develops a grudge against him. Iago conceives a plan involving a sting of lies and misconception in a pursuit to take down Othello and Cassio. Major Dramatic Question:Will Iago’s true intentions ever be discovered? Crisis:Once again, by Iago’s lies, Roderigo and Cassio were tricked into fighting each other in the dark. Neither one knowing whom they were fighting. Riderigo was murdered and this led to the imprisonment of Bianca, Cassio’s mistress. Climax: Othello, still under misconception that Desdemona is unfaithful, kills her. Emilia, Iago’s wife, enters and call for help. In attempt to find the truth or the reason behind this killing, Iago starts to be revealed. Othello comes to the realization that he has been misled and weeps for his dead wife. A commotion breaks out and Iago kills his wife Emilia. Resolution:After Iago is discovered of his devious ways, Lodovico orders Othello back to Venice, places Granziano as his heir and puts Montano in charge of Iagos execution. In the end, Othello kills himself. Emotional Satisfaction: Othello was a very interesting play. The fact that it was a tragic love story caught my attention the most. Although written so many years ago, the story line can very much relate to situations in today’s relationships. How to cite Othello Plot Analysis, Papers

Event Thessaloniki International Festival -Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss About The Event Thessaloniki International Festival? Answer: Introduction Greece is one of fastest growing economies in the Euro zone and it grew at the annual rate of 4.2% as foreign capital flooded in the country. But now it is observed that the growth of the country is continuously diminishing. Greece is facing various financial difficulties and due to financial circumstances, there is the need for borrowing from IMF, European central bank and European Union. Because of the financial crisis, government of the country has to take some tough decisions in order to restructure the economy so that the country can get its prosperity again (Hope, 2017). There are various events and festivals taking place every year in country. These festivals and activities are very helpful for the company to enhance the economic status and prosperity and to achieve appropriate result. There are many events taking place in the country and to enhance the economic value, it is important to organize a mega event in the effective manner. A number of award ceremony events and film festivals are being hosted in Greece throughout the year. This report focuses on the event management of international film festival in which the award ceremony will take place. This festival is to be held in Thessalonika in Greece. This event will be helpful in order to enhance the visits tourists in the country. In the film festival, there will be two types of films which would be screened-featured short films and lengthy films. This report evaluates and explains the objective of the conducted event which would be beneficial for the country. Further, event plan would be designed and venue would be specific for the overall film festival. Along with this, an effective media message would be shaped that will be effective for targeting the audience for the event. This report will also focus on various details of the events i.e. menu activities budget and type of risks in the event. Purpose and objective The film industry is considered as the most autonomous art form and the film festival always include peace, liberty and equality of the country. The objective of this international film festival is to enhance the economy of Greece so that the county can achieve its prosperity again. Along with this, the objective of conducting the event of film festival is to provide the broad platform to the film makers by discussing their diverse work in the event. Along with this, aim of the international film festival is to provide a meeting place for people and audiences so that the tradition, art shape and attractiveness of the country can be enhanced (Lee Goldblatt, 2012). Film festivals are the events for the creation of symbolic, cultural and economic value. The festival provides opportunities for the interchange of symbolic value to economic value. Conducting international film festival enhances the chances of distribution and exhibition. Film festival is helpful in rising funding for the country. So basic objective of conducting the event of film festival is to enhance the value-adding process in Greece and attract various tourists in the country by improving its economic value (Fox, 2015). Benefits Every event consists of some benefits for the society and related audience. Event must have some values that could be beneficial for the people. By conducting the event of international film festival, Country Greece will have some benefits. Those benefits are as follows: Promoting tourism- It is well known that Greece is one of the famous tourist destinations. Due to economic issues, there is the need to attract the tourists in order to gain its prosperity again. International film festival will attract the tourists from both in and out of the country. The film makers and producers will generally travel in all over the world for promoting the screening of their film. Along with this, it will also attract film fans and media professionals (Getz, 2008). Benefits for local merchants- By conducting the event of international film festival, local merchant will be benefited. It is well-known that tourists spend money. Any festival in Greece will attract them. Being a famous tourists destination, tourists will definitely visit in various parts of the country and local merchants will experience a respectable spike in their business. This will also benefit to the economy of the country. Networking- These kinds of festivals give various opportunities to film makers to communicate with other filmmakers, media representatives, supporters and many other professionals. Along with this, the event will also establish mutually beneficial relationships and leads to various collaborative possibilities (Olum, 2004). Benefits of theater- With the arrangements between theater hosting and festival promoters, the theater will enjoy various benefits such as hike in the sales and positive word of mouth of about the venue. Theater will be able to enhance their positive reputations and management. This approach will minimize various issues before they arise. Alternatives considered It is stated earlier Greece is the famous tourist destination but the country is facing some financial difficulties. In order to deal with this situation, it is important to conduct an event that can enhance the prosperity of the country. There are various events that can be conducted for this manner. Potential event can be Hellenic festival, Thessaloniki international film festival, Rockwave Festival, Easter, Acroplis Rally, August Full moon, European music day and Mothers day run etc. These all events are effective in enhancing the prosperity of the country. Out of the list of the events, international film festival is selected. The reason is that the film industry is considered as the most entertaining industry. The international film festival will attract various filmmakers, producers and tourist to visit Greece so that economic value of the country can be enhanced. Along with this, the event of film festival is selected so that film makers and audience can meet a place where the y can share traditions, history and shapes from all over the world (Milohni?, Lesi? Slamar, 2016). Selection process Reason for selecting the event of film festival is discussed above. Film festivals are the important link in the chain of international film culture. Cinema is the most democratic art that uses suitable languages for the audiences. Film festival is helpful in maintaining democracy freedom and peace. Film festival is the exceptional tool to cross the communication channels from the most distant places. Sometimes, event selection process is affected by various factors i.e. media exposure, potential economic impacts, time, available resources and local involvement. The most important critical success factor for selecting an event is the unique process and marketing resources. Research will be undertaken in order to gain a better understanding about the nature and importance of the events along with critical success factors of the event. International film festival is selected because it is important for the ecosystem of the country (Adams Hall, 2015). Film festival can attract the audiences from the community and all around the world. Along with this, the festival is also helpful in enhancing the local economy. The viewers have opportunity to stay connected with the story of the films by experiencing the film firsthand. The setting of the festival allows the audience to share the ideas with the producers, filmmakers and other audience so that new perspective on the films can be opened. This process can give insights to the filmmakers, producers, and distributors. Data will be collected on the nature and objective of the film festival event from conventions. It is found that international film festival is beneficial for the enhancing the economic value of the country. The selection criteria of film festival are based on the economic impact of the event on the country (Motion Picture Association of America, 2017). Project planning and execution For the international film festival, it is crucial is to select a suitable theme in order to attract people and various film makers. So, the theme for the event would be Unity in Diversity. This theme is selected because this film festival will include various films including various small and documentary films and fiction films from the entire world. Along with this, there will be various films that would be screening in the festival that would reveal the theme of this festival. Although there is lots of diversity in all over the world but this film festival will celebrate the variety of culture and this will be represented to the audiences. In the international film festival, individual sections will be provided to the audience so that they can choose that film which would be most appealing to them (Lill, 2015). Feasibility of the event Film industry is the entertaining industry and by this event, country will be able to attract various organizations and government in order to receive financial support from them. The required physical resources for the event will include music, decorative items, stationeries and sound equipments etc. Most of the support staff will be local youth and volunteers. As the result, huge support from organizations will be achieved. (Burgess Kredell, 2016). Venue design Further, next step is to attract the audience by innovative venue selection and design. The venue of this event will be Olympion Theatre, Thessalonika which is the head office of Thessaloniki International Film Festival. The theater has architecturally impressive structure which is built in 1920s in the heart of the city. In this complex, there are two renovated cinemas i.e. Olympion and Pavlos Zannas including two cafes i.e. Foyer and Room with a view. The building of this theater is suitable for various events like theatrical productions, film screenings, music events and various cultural activities. This is the permanent headquarter for the Thessaloniki International film festival. Event design plan In order to manage the event, it is crucial to focus on some essential things i.e. coordination, budget and time. An event cannot be successful without coordination between teams, without sufficient funds and without proper time frame. Although proper and efficient planning for the international film festival has done but there is still need to focus on the time frame and budget for the effective operations in events. Time factor- Time factor has a critical role while planning an event like international film festival. So, it is crucial to set such time which is convenient for the audiences. Generally, people prefer evening time to attend the events so; evening to night time will be preferred for the event. If these things are not followed systematically then event will not be successful and the objective will not be accomplished. So, international film festival will be held in the month of January (De Valck, 2014). Coordination- There is the need of more and more people to conduct an event so; there should be coordination among the team members. Without proper coordination, there is the possibility for conflict because of the lack of communication among the members while planning the events. Along with this, there are various activities which must be completed by different teams. So, it is important for the authorities to coordinate among the team members for event planning successfully. Proper planning at the initial stages includes knowledge sharing, regular meetings and informal outing would be helpful in coordinating among the team members for the successful event. Planning for the international film festival will be designed from last six months (Getz Page, 2016). Budgeting- Further, budgeting and funding is also an important part for the event planning. It is understood that appropriate planning of the budget is helpful to accomplish all the desired activities of the event. So, it is recommended that estimation of the budget will be efficient. By the formulation of the budget, experts will be able to distribute the fund for various activities including infrastructure, lightings, and food arrangements for the guests and salary for the crew members and hosts (Ralston et al, 2007). It is most important to develop an effective and proper event design plan so that event of film festival can run smoothly. There are many processes which would be included in the film festival. Following steps will be included in the event design plan- Planning of festival- This step would include detailed planning of the film festival. The planning will be completed by deciding the budget, invitation and key attractions of the event (Kerzner, 2013). Budget formulation-This is the important part of any event plan. In the budget allocation process, identification of key events of the film festival will be done. In this process, Budget will be decided for various events. Scheduling the event- It is very important to plan effectively in order to conduct the event successfully. In this manner, there is the need to set a schedule for the key events in the festival like sending invitations, recruitment of staff, major objectives of the festival and many others. Recruiting event crew- In this process, key people of the event i.e. directors, critics, producers, audiences and others will be invited. Along with this, setting necessary infrastructure for the event like lights, food, projectors, screen, sofa, chairs, bouncers and others would also be done (Brown, 2014). Promotional activities- Advertising and promotion is the crucial part for any event so that the audience can be targeted. For this event, key focus would be on direct mailing, hoardings, and social media platforms which would be effectively used in order to promote the film event (Meusburger, Funke Wunder, 2009). Launching - This process of the event will be done by screening famous films from various producers and directors. This will be done with the song sequences and dances. Red carpet celebrations- Segregation of festivals will be organized including various catagories. Those catagories will comprise love, laugh, debate, thrill, comedy, suspense and action. Along with this, feature and documentary films will also be take place in the event. After that, special function of giving awards and night ceremony will also take place. Media messages After the planning of international film festival event, it is important to promote the event in order to make it successful. In current time, social media platforms are strong tool to promote the event. It is important to have an effective media message on the social media networks. In order to promote this specific event, Twitter and Facebook will be used as these are the popular social media platform used by people. By using these platforms, audience will be able to achieve all the information related to international film festival (Cetinic, Petric Pranic, 2012). The message on the social media platforms would be related to time, date and venue of the event. The message would be Inviting for International Film Festival to Film and Cinema lovers which would be detained in Olympion Theatre, Thessalonika from 1st January 2019 to 10th January 2019 (Vilhjlmsdttir, 2011). Music has an important role in the organizing and managing any event. It is also crucial to enhance the environment and quality of the event. In the international film festival, mild music will be played in order to entertain the audiences during the gap of the performances and activities. Along with this, the music in the international film festival is selected for the background and that will be selected from the nominated documentaries and movies for the awards. The reason for choosing the music from the nominated movies is that filmmakers, producers and directors will be motivated for doing more valuable work (Wagen, 2005). It is essential section for managing various activities of the events. In this section, different activities will take place which are required to conduct the event of international film festival. It is already decided that the film festival will take place in Olympion Theatre. There are some additional activities in order to manage and organize which are as follows: Planning for different teams- It is very important for various teams to plan and organize the work accordingly. There will be various teams i.e. event product team, marketing team and programming team and these teams are responsible to conduct specific event catering arrangements, decoration and promotion of the event and preparing posters for the event etc (Mawer et al, 2106). Screening films and award ceremony- Under these activities, quick look of various films i.e. animation, documentary, pop promos, television and film records related to creative arts will be shown. This will also includes of award distribution to the nominated actors, producers, directors, and films (Tassiopoulos, 2005). Live performances- This will be the key attraction of overall film festival. In the performance related activity, the performances will be organized in order to promote any specific movie considering performance related concept. Under this activity, film makers and producers will give talk about their movies and related concepts. They will share their ideas and viewpoints about movies i.e. from where they get idea and inspiration to make the film. Further, public will ask their queries about the movies to the directors. Those questions can be related to their current movies or upcoming movie projects. This is main activity of the event of film festival. In this, awards will be distributed to the nominated films based on different criteria i.e. best animation, best actor and supportive actor, best direction, best critic, best negative role and others. The activities of award distribution will be helpful in inspiring the film makers and directors so that they can do best work on films in future. Apart from these activities, there are some activities that will be taking care of by different teams. All the crewmembers will have induction guide for the activities sob that they can be aware of the every kind of emergency in the event. Along with this, there will also be ambulance service in order to minimize the health issues and hazards. Least disturbance of other activities regulations will be followed in the sound system of the event. Budget Budgeting is the important part of a robust planning structure. Budget is helpful for the event managers in spending the amount based on the requirements. Budget of the event must be planned in the visualization and advance of the event. It impact on each factor of the event management and needs to be evaluating on the regular basis. The event of international film festival will be organized on the grand level (Bowdin et al, 2012). So, there is the need of budget planning for the activities so that the event can be operated successfully. The budget plan for this event is as follows: Cost of event Amount (In Euro) Cost for entrance ticket per person 180 x 5000= 900000 Cost for decoration in Olympion Theatre 3000 Promotional activities for event of International Film Festival by social media 800 Various activities including stage arrangement and sound system for dance and live performance 900 Furniture i.e. sofa and chairs for sitting people 1500 Welcome drink and dinner for all guests 2600 x 5= 13000 Salaries for the staff and crew members, jury members and host 1800 Installation screens with their supporting devices 900 Additional cost for other activities i.e. water supply maintenance, emergency services, and ambulance etc. 500 Total cost 9,22,400 Conclusion Greece is the attractive country for the tourists as they go to the country to spend their vacations. During last few years, it is observed that the country is facing economic issues and losing its prosperity. This report is about conducting the event of international film festival. The report focuses on the event management and budget plan for the film festival. The film festival will be the combination of different culture and movies across the world that will be shown in the specific event including the concept of Unity in Diversity. This report covers various activities of this event i.e. venue design, event design, music, menu, theme and other relevant activities. Based on the above discussion, it is observed that the event of international film festival will be held in Olympion Theatre, Greece. The key objective of this film festival is to enhance the economic value of the country and maintain its prosperity among the tourists by inviting them in the event. Further, this film f estival will provide recognition and awards to the producers and film makers for their best work. The recognition and awards will be inspiration for those who are new learner in the field of photography and cinematography. It is stated earlier that the international film festival will be held in Olympion Theatre. The reason for selecting this venue is that this theater can have room for adequate number of people. Along with this, many other activities are organized for the effective management of the event. So, by conduction film festival event, economic value of Greece could be enhanced efficiently. References Adams, R. Hall, S., (2015), Family Film Festival: Academic and Social Interaction outside the Classroom with Retention Benefits: Family Science Review, 20(1) Bowdin, G., Allen, J., Harris, R., McDonnell, I., O'Toole, W., (2012), Events management, UK: Routledge Brown, S., (2014), Emerging Professionalism in The Event Industry: A Practitioner's Perspective, Event Management, 18 (1), 15-24 Burgess, D. Kredell, B., (2016), Nine Positionality and film festival research: Film Festivals: History, Theory, Method, Practice, p.159 Cetinic, L., Petric, L., Pranic, L., (2012), Emerald Article: Host population perceptions of the social impacts of sport tourism events in transition countries: Evidence from Croatia: International Journal of Event and Festival Management, 3(3), 236-256 De Valck, M., (2014), Supporting art cinema at a time of commercialization: Principles and practices, the case of the International Film Festival Rotterdam: Poetics, 42, pp.40-59 Europa Cinemas, (2016), Greece Olympion (Thessaloniki), accessed on 29th January 2018 from https://europa-cinemas-blog.org/2016/08/25/greece-olympion-thessaloniki/ Fox, M., (2015), Greece won't lose competitive edge: Tourism official, accessed on 29th January 2018 from https://www.cnbc.com/2015/07/14/greece-wont-lose-competitive-edge-tourism-official.html Getz, D., Page, S. J., (2016), Event studies: Theory, research and policy for planned events, UK: Routledge Getz, D., (2008), Event tourism: Definition, evolution, and research. Tourism management, 29(3), pp. 403-428. Hope, K., (2017), The scale of Greeces economic problems, accessed on 29th January 2018 from https://www.ft.com/content/12cea50a-19db-11e7-bcac-6d03d067f81f Kerzner, H. R., (2013), Project management: a systems approach to planning, scheduling, and controlling, US: John Wiley Sons Lee, S., and Goldblatt, J., (2012), The current and future impacts of the 2007-2009 economic recession on the festival and event industry: International Journal of Event and Festival Management, 3(2) Lill, G., (2015), THE IMPACTS OF EVENTS ON LOCAL COMMUNITY, accessed on 29th January 2018 from https://projekter.aau.dk/projekter/files/210109303/THESIS.pdf Mawer, V., Reed, I., Els, G., Pielichaty, H., (2106), Events Project Management, UK: Taylor Francis Meusburger, P., Funke, J., Wunder, E. (2009), Milieus of Creativity, 2, Netherlands: Springer Milohni?, I., Lesi?, K. T., Slamar, T., (2016), UNDERSTANDING THE MOTIVATION FOR EVENT PARTICIPATING A PREREQUISITE FOR SUSTAINABLE EVENT PLANNING: Tourism Hospitality Industry, pp. 204-218 Motion Picture Association of America, (2017), WHY FILM FESTIVALS MATTER, accessed on 29th January 2018 from https://www.mpaa.org/why-film-festivals-matter/ Olum, Y., (2004), Modern Management Theories and Practices, Banking Course Ralston, L. S., Ellis, G. D., Compton, D. M., Lee, J. (2007), Staging Memorable Events And Festivals: An Integrated Model Of Service and Experience Factors: International Journal of Event Management Research, 3(2), 24-38 Tassiopoulos, D., (2005), Event Management: A Professional and Developmental Approach, (2nd), Lansdowne: Juta Academic Vilhjlmsdttir, L., (2011), A documentary film festival circuit and film festivals as field-configuring events, adapting to digitalization, accessed on 29th January 2018 from https://skemman.is/bitstream/1946/10293/3/MAritger%C3%B0.pdf Wagen, L.V., (2005), Event Management: For Tourism, Cultural, Business and Sporting Events, (2nd), Aus: Pearson Education

There Were Many Reasons For The Revival Movement Known As The Great Aw

There were many reasons for the revival movement known as the Great Awakening in the mid-18th century. Two of the most influential were the spread of religious indifference in the colonies, and backsliding among previously faithful churchgoers. However, once started, the Great Awakening had a great impact on colonial life and changed the way many people thought about religion. As time passed in the colonies and the once strong-felt religious feelings of the populace faded, many people stopped valuing religious as the most important standard of measuring a person's character. Instead, a person's wealth and status began to weigh heaviest. Most 18th century colonists did not go to church often, and as one Charleston minister said, "the Taverns have more Visitors than the Churches." Even the descendants of some of the most fervent supporters of their religions began to slack off. As their wealth grew larger, the zeal of their faith dried up. Many of the people who went to church loitered outside gossiping for longer than they actually attended sermons. Increasingly did so-called "Christians" begin to succumb to various vices. One man was actually fined for paying a girl ?50 to strip in front of him. This is in direct contrast with the late 1600's, when people were looked down upon in their communities for showing less than godly behavior. Upon seeing the way people were beginning to be led astray, many ministers looked for a way to bring people back into the fold of the Church. Revivals were designed to help combat the growing religious apathy by appealing "more to the heart than to the head." Many ministers changed their style of delivering the word of god by incorporating theatrics and allowing congregations to express their feelings of religious ecstasy. However, revivals did not significantly boost church membership although it did "awaken and refresh" many colonists' spiritual energies. After the revivals were over, the colonists went back to the daily grind and did what needed to be done to survive. Revivals did serve an important cause; they communicated to the colonists that every soul mattered, young or old, rich or poor. Revivals were just one more thing that brought the colonists together.

Free Essays on A Reflection On The Narnian Chronicles

. He spoke the world into existence. He spoke into the vast expanse and created night, day, seas, land, sky, animals, and everything He saw fit for His purpose. Though there was already land in existence in the magical other world, the notion of â€Å"Narnia† was born simply through Aslan’s use of both song and speech. By singing, Aslan brought about the stars and the sun. He began another song, and all around him as he walked grass sprouted underfoot and quickly spread all around, and trees began to take root and grow in the valley. Aslan’s song is analogous to the voice of God during the creation of the world. God breathed life into Adam, the first human to walk the earth. Aslan as well gave life through his breath into the animals of Narnia. Though the animals were already physically alive, their lack of knowledge and speech prevented them from being characterized as true citizens of Narnia. That is until Aslan breathed the ability of speech into the chosen... Free Essays on A Reflection On The Narnian Chronicles Free Essays on A Reflection On The Narnian Chronicles A Reflection on the Narnian Chronicles Throughout the C.S.Lewis series, The Narnian Chronicles, there are many indirect references to the Christian faith and the Bible itself. Through the use of allegories, Lewis provides his readers with a link to explore and contemplate this â€Å"other world.† Though allegorical instances are prevalent throughout the entire series, they are particularly ubiquitous in both â€Å"The Magician’s Nephew† and in â€Å"The Silver Chair.† Aslan the lion is portrayed as the Christ figure in Lewis’ books. As you progress through the novels, it becomes more and more apparent that there is a strong connection between God (or Jesus) and Aslan. This first becomes evident in â€Å"The Magician’s Nephew.† The first connection that is established between â€Å"The Magician’s Nephew† and the Bible (particularly Genesis 1) is the notion of and occurrence of creation. In the Bible, everything was created merely from God’s words. He spoke the world into existence. He spoke into the vast expanse and created night, day, seas, land, sky, animals, and everything He saw fit for His purpose. Though there was already land in existence in the magical other world, the notion of â€Å"Narnia† was born simply through Aslan’s use of both song and speech. By singing, Aslan brought about the stars and the sun. He began another song, and all around him as he walked grass sprouted underfoot and quickly spread all around, and trees began to take root and grow in the valley. Aslan’s song is analogous to the voice of God during the creation of the world. God breathed life into Adam, the first human to walk the earth. Aslan as well gave life through his breath into the animals of Narnia. Though the animals were already physically alive, their lack of knowledge and speech prevented them from being characterized as true citizens of Narnia. That is until Aslan breathed the ability of speech into the chosen...

Risk Assesment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 1

Risk Assesment - Essay Example If the 100, 000 people were financially well off, they would have left the city before the storm. In addition, if the number were small, say less than 5,000, the government would use its resources to evacuate them. There is a high association between poverty and crime. From a sociological perspective, the poor are more prone to criminal activities such as stealing and looting whenever such a chance occurs. Bearing in mind that the people left behind were the poor, this theory holds true as they participated in the looting in the city. Additionally, the high number of the affected delayed the recovery process, as the government had to wait for the storm to end before implementing any program. There was a large population of the sick, injured, homeless, and psychologically tortured residents. For this reason, it required more resources to provide rehabilitation facilities, medical services, and housing. As a result, the recovery process was slow compared to a situation where the number of victims was manageable, and the affected had personal resources to assist in various projects such as housing and

The Trans-Atlantic Slave Trade Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

The Trans-Atlantic Slave Trade - Research Paper Example The trans-Atlantic slave trade has normally been considered only regarding the adults. However, now children’s experiences are also being counted. According to an estimate, children made up one-quarter of the African slaves made to migrate to America. In spite of this big number there is indeed a lack of sources and apparently, no importance is given to what the children experienced, leaving their voices unheard. Enslavement Children were very unwilling to participate in the slave trade and in spite of their age they saw themselves captured and in imprisonment after the war. The women, children and the older people became particularly vulnerable after their men were killed during the war; the ones who were spared death were then ransomed or even sold as slaves. After military expeditions, there were commercial caravans that actually brought textiles and imported goods and traded the slaves with those. Another way of acquiring slaves, particularly children, was through kidnappi ng and this method was more common in certain regions in West Africa. The kidnapping was done when the kids were away from their parents or guardians, maybe simply playing outside, working in fields or taking a calm walk. This was not the only way, however, and the traders even bought children from their families who were more than willing to â€Å"sell† them for money since they were desperate for money and food. Still, others were pawned or bargained for by their parents or used to repay debts or given to be acquitted of any crime they or their family members might have committed. Weak children were also sometimes sold and so were the ones whom their parents thought brought them ill luck. The upcoming events after the capture were a nightmare for the slaves. The traders sold off some children to be sent for the coast while others were sold many times. Several of these kids remained within Africa only and became slaves to whoever bought them. Many others could not survive th e sea route. The ones who were able to reach the coast alive were taken to a factory or post where merchants bought them and kept them inside prisons with the other slaves. These children were then completely stripped and their bodies were rubbed with palm oil. Many times their heads were also shaven. After the merchants had bought their slaves they â€Å"branded† them in order to make sure that their â€Å"property† does not get mixed up with someone else’s and they are able to distinctly make out which their cargo is. The brand was normally a symbol on their chest or back. The Middle Passage According to the slave traders the individuals less than 4’4’’ in height were considered to be children and these children were permitted to stay on the deck with the women. These deck people were, on rare occasions, given certain favors such as giving them old clothes, teaching them how to play certain games or even how to sail. Some children, however , did not play or eat while others preferred to stay with the women and cry all night. If a child was taller than the specified height he was automatically kept with the adults and there they were treated like an adult too. The conditions there were worse and there was no concept of hygiene. If they cried or did not eat or sleep they were punished harshly.  

Law of Investment and Financial Markets Case Study

Law of Investment and Financial Markets - Case Study Example According to the appendix 'Four Corners', the WestPoint case involved 4000 Australians, most of which were pensioners (Four Corners, 2006, Page 1). Small investors were the ones to face the tragic collapse of WestPoint, as they lost their savings and the impact of these investors is described by the procession of WestPoint Investors Group to organize demonstrations to emphasize their predicament and attract the investment casualties. Some years before, WestPoint aggrandized funds by ensconcing a network of financial planners in order to upgrade its products. The entities interested in investment ought to hold an Australian Financial Service License for initiating with the investment operation, the venture or entity that counsels about financial products ought to be an Australian Financial Service holder (AFS); called as an AFS licensee. Financial business usually are deposit accounts, insurances, investments in funds such as shares, debentures etc. If not an AFS bearer, he can either be a director or apprentice to the license bearer. Furthermore, if the former doesn't intervene, he should be an authorized delegate of the Australian Finance service bearer. These delegates or representatives can be termed as 'business authorized representatives' as they hold an approbation to represent license bearers. There are assorted legal protections provided by the Australian Finance Services license, if at all, something in appropriate or contradictory situation occurs. It is always advisable to keep in account the license details of any financial services or benefits one is planning to avail. Since, West Australia is a renowned hub for business successes and entrepreneurship, the promoters and planners allied to financial sectors, accountants and others took availed all the possible opportunities of risk tolerations to gain profits. This was all possible because of a property development called WestPoint. But, some of the financial arrangements which were careful in planning involved the profits outside the governance of the Australian Securities and Investment Commission (ASIC), which was its governor. It focuses on the promulgation of Markets Advisory Committee to operate the corporate establishments. Also, it focuses on establishment of Takeovers Section, an Australian accounting Board, a financial Reporting Panel involved in financial services. This act is conformed on jurisdiction and in states which are referring only to the reach to which the legislative powers of the Parliament takes charge of the application. Australian Securities and Investment Commission is a c ommon seal with enduring succession, along with the procurement or disposal of real or personal asset. As far as membership is concerned, ASIS comprises of 8 members out of which 3 ought to be full-time associates appointed by the Governor-General. The solutions to it, definitely,

Zara For Just In Time Management Commerce Essay

Zara For Just In Time Management Commerce Essay Profitability of the company depends upon the companys effective management. Effective management includes productive resources of the company which generally are raw material, resource planning, human resources, equipments and goods manufacturing facilities or services delivered by the company. This effectiveness in Operations gives competitive advantage to the company. In todays world of competition, lack in operations management could lead to failure in companys productivity. What is Fashion? Fashion is a way of acting differently from the rest community. If community likes it then they start acting in the same way and we say its a new fashion trend. But in the mean while if community comes across the new fashion then they start following them as everybody wants to be different than the others. Fashion expires, much the same way yogurt does, The Inditex Chief executive Jose Maria Catellano comments. (Wall street Journal, 2001). Zara has picked up the fashion trend in a smarter way creating a supply chain reacting to the trend in a faster way. This made Zara to be successful in many countries like Europe, Asia etc. The distinctive supply chain management gives competitive advantages to Zara and this was the inspiration to me to take the case study of Zara. 1.2 COMPANY PROFILE: Zara is a subsidiary of famous and biggest fashion distributor Inditex. It became the worlds biggest retailer over taking Gap in August 2008 (The Guardian, 2008). Zara contributes to 2/3 of sales of Inditex Group. According the Data obtained from Company website, we can see the Origin and Evolution of Zara as follow, Amancio Ortega Gaona formed Inditex in 1963 as textile manufacturer. It started with several manufacturing centers distributing products to various European countries in the next decade of 1963 1974. The first Zara store is opened in 1975 on a central street in A Coruà ±a (Spain). From 1976 till 1984, Zara grown his business and captured the Spanish market with attracting major public. In December 1988, Zara went outside the Spain and opened his first international store in Oporto (Portugal). In 1989, Zara took next step on internalization opening its first store in New York (USA) and his second in worldwide market. Also it came up with a store in Paris (France) in 1990. In 1991, Inditex opened new subsidiary called Pull and Bear chain Acquiring 65% of capital from Massimo Dutti. Inditex keep on going ahead and ahead in International market opening its stores in Mexico (1992), Greece (1993), and Belgium Sweden (1994). In 1995, Massimo Duttis entire share capital acquired by Inditex opening the groups first store in Malta and in Cyprus on the consecutive year. After 1996 till 2008 Zara captured 73 countries opening 1292 store on prime locations on major cities proving national borders cannot stop sharing of single fashion culture. But there were some important dates for Zara and its parent company Inditex. These are 23rd May 2001, when Inditex listed on Spanish stock market also in 2002, construction work of new Zara logistics centre were started in Zaragoza (Spain). Inditex opened Zara home store in Russia, Slovakia, Slovenia, and Malaysia (2003) also in the same year Zaras second distribution centre opened in Zaragoza (Spain) contributing in the wo rk of Zaras first distribution centre in Arteixo (A Coruà ±a, Spain). Zaras 1000th store opened in Florence (Italy) in 2007. Till 2008, Inditex opened 4000 stores of Zara and other sister concerns in almost 73 countries. 2.0 PROBLEM IDENTIFICATION AND FISHBONE DIAGRAM. Most of the organizations face some or the other kind of problem to run their system efficiently. They can affect production and quality of the product in the company. This is the reason for company to have close look on the problem and get it resolved as soon as possible. 2.1 PROBLEMS Zara has a different business model than the traditional retailers which is quite successful as well but this can affect the sustained growth of the company. Zaras weaknesses also differs from the traditional retailers. Zara holds around 86% of Inditex total international sales (Craig et al, 2004, Page 3). This is the reason why Inditex is concentrating on Zara more than their other products and also invest most of their capital in Zara. Failure of Zara can make Inditex rethink about their firms strategies and cause an internal meltdown. Zara is facing inability to penetrate the American market due to different tastes of Americans and Europeans. Also they dont have strongly developed strategy to capture U.S. market. The major threat of Zara for their sales in U.S. is lack of distribution facility in America. Although they are running 1000 retail stores efficiently their Centralized logistics model may not be able to supply more stores in U.S. Vertical integration reduces the possibilities of producing large quantity of goods in economic rate (Craig et al, 2004). There is also increase in cost due to speedy recurrent introduction of new products. Also they have higher research development cost. Creation of different apparel lines causes constant changeover of production techniques resulting in higher elevated cost and also increase in the employee training cost to enable them in order to use new manufacturing techniques. Zara has a bigger threat from the competitors when they try to enter the new market. Almost every retailer is competition for Zara as they have wide range of products. But their main competitors are Gap and HM as they have similar kind of product range with them. Also the HM products are less costly than Zara. HM opens a distribution centre in the country they enter to respond the demand quickly. Zara is also facing the problem due to cannibalization (Craig et al, 2004). All the Zara stores in one city will have the same product range. This means Zara is selling same product range to the customers in same city. This can affect them resulting in loss of sales. 2.2 FISHBONE DIAGRAM According to the current business industry the apparel manufacturer can face the problems which are shown in the fishbone diagram and these can be the main area of concern for the organization. 3.0 OPERATIONAL MODEL IN ZARA Shifting from mass standardisation to customisation on a global scale is the most interesting aspect of the Zaras model. The founder highlighted Zaras approach to fashion which is unique, like food, must be consumed immediately rather than rot in a cupboard. Thus the production of fresh new clothes is in response to the consumers preference (Dutta, 2002). Zaras business model (see appendix 3) enables their operations to be more successful and achieving the goal of customers satisfaction. Its operational model generally encompasses many elements like Vertical Integration, Company structure, Just in Time, etc. which finally contributes to Total Quality Management (TQM) of the Company. 3.1 COMPANY STRUCTURE: In which there is Chairman and followed by the other directors below him. The directors or managers will act as Cell leader for the cells below them. Each cell be reporting to its cell leader and finally cell leader will report to the head. Inditex has Flat organization structure (see appendix 1). In which Amancio Ortega as a Chairman is a head of all cell leaders and there are different directors who acts as a cell leaders e.g. Deputy Chairman and CEO will be the cell leader for tax advisory, finance and management control etc. This helps to keep track of the processes going in the company easily. With this structure Inditex can actually keep a close watch on the processes and quality in the company. 3.2 VERTICAL INTEGRATION: Vertical integration means merging of two businesses that are on different stages of production (Hindle, T., 2009). This leads the business closer to the customers. It controls access to input and to control the costs, quality and delivery times of inputs. It is usually very hard to vertically integrate the organization because this process being expensive and hard to reverse. It is generally found that many companies integrate with distributors to secure market of their output. Lack of existing channels to Spanish consumer in 1980s caused Zara being forced into control of production, distribution and sales. Zaras success lies in its vertically integrated system (see appendix 5). This highly synchronized system gives extraordinary speed and design litheness. This is the reason behind success of Zaras strategy. Zaras Strategy is to give mid-market pricing, niche fashion and rapidly changing product range to the customers. This has also helped Zara to reduce Bullwhip effect (Ghemawat, P., 2003). Further Ghemawat (2003) has described the bullwhip effect as the tendency to fluctuation in final demand to get amplified as they were transmitted back up the supply chain. As a vertically integrated company, Zara always able to keep close look on the quality and delivery of the product to its retail store. Zara has developed such a strategy that they will manufacture 40% of the fabric in house and 60% they will get it from external supplier. Zara will then manufacture the designed the fabric in the house and send out to the external supplier for sewing and then again it comes to Zara where it is checked for its quality and then labeling will be done. Then the product goes to the central warehouse of Zara from where it is distributed to the stores. Disadvantage of this vertically integrated system to Zara is elevated costs for manufacturing in Europe, deficiency in moving plant to different location. 3.3 PUSH AND PULL SYSTEM: When a new designs being pushed in the market based on fashion market trend is referred as PUSH system and when design changes has been done on the customers feedback, but at a lightning fast speed, which emphasizes on customer satisfaction then its referred as PULL system(Urugray, M., 2005). In the push system generally the new design is created by the designer team of the manufacturer and then it will be produced in mass which will be promoted in the stores and market. This increases the demand in the market and customers will be attracted to the store to get the stuff. Zaras designer team generally launches there seasonal collection late in the market (see appendix 4) which enables them to get know about the designs being launched by manufacturers and their demand accordingly as well as they attend fashion shows for readymade clothing where they get the idea of the designs being launched in the market and accordingly they launch their design in the market (Ghemawat, P., 2001). Som etimes Zara also launches the new collection forecasting the demand of the product e.g. when Madonna visited Spain for the stage show, Zara launched the new collection of design which was replicating the design used by Madonna in the past which distinctively increased the demand of the product. Pull system generally works on customers demand, this demand is generally transmitted to the design team which will then create the design and send back to the market to satisfy their demand. There is another approach manufacturers can take in which they advertise the product on mass level which will increase the demand for the product resulting in the increase of the sales (Anon, 2007). 3.4 JUST IN TIME (JIT): Just in time is invented in Japan. Japanese ship builder introduced this concept by lowering their steel inventory from one month stock to three days stock. The first writing on JIT is done by Toyotas Vice president Taiichi Ohno. But this writing was in Japanese so it was difficult to understand so it has been converted in English. Excessive inventory storage is wasteful in the current manufacturing scenario causes JIT philosophy (Mejabi, O. et al, 2001). Further it says JIT encourages the adaption of methodologies to generate the order of material and intermediate products only when required. The transformation to JIT is not instantaneous, but rather it occurs in steps over the time (Schroer et al, 1985). In the current manufacturing scenario removing of waste is important. JIT helps to make small batch production and is also helps to keep commitment towards continual process product improvement. In the current market scenario, deliver the high quality and low cost product to captu re most of the market share is main concern for many organization. JIT helps to solve this concern for most of the companies. JIT helps to reduce the cost for the companies because it saves the cost of storing the inventory and maintenance of the inventory. Generally in Pull management JIT is used which helps to keep supply in time when there is high demand. Zaras Design process is more focused on the public who uses Zaras product. This information is generally collected by store manager or the store staff which is stored at the collection counter of each store and in the evening the collection details the information stored is transmitted to the distribution centre (Gallaugher, J., 2008). This information transmitted to the Zaras designing professional daily. Using this information the designer figures out what are customers needs and what are their main concerns which helps them to design the product carefully and reduce the customers concern. From design to the shelves it takes 6 weeks for Zara to introduce new design in market it is more effective than the normal 6 months cycle for any other organization (see appendix 2). According to Ghemawat, P. (2001), the short time cycle reduces working capital intensity and facilitates continuous manufacturing of new merchandise. In 2008, it was observed that From design to the shelves it take s 15 days to Zara to bring the product in the market (Gattorna, J., 2007). Also Zara purchase about one-half fabric in Grey colour which gives them the maximum flexibility. The internal manufacturing plants of Zara are located in or around Zaras headquarters. This makes designing and approval of the product very fast ultimately resulting in the faster production. These products then goes to the central distribution centre of Zara which further distributes the product to the stores twice in a week. This helps Zara to inventory and concentrate on customers requirement. 3.5 KAIZEN: It means continuous improvement. Kaizen is Japanese concept and its a whole business philosophy. Kaizen is important for everyone in the organization and requires the same kind of participation from each employee (Imai, M., 1986). Customer always has some requirement, needs expectation from the supplier and the output from the supplier has some characteristics relevant to the customer expectation, these characteristics are called as Quality characteristics (Rao et al, 1996). There is always a gap between customers need and quality characteristics. Implementation of Kaizen helps to reduce that gap and meeting customers expectation to the closest. Key elements of Kaizen are as follows: Customer focus, Just in time, Kanban, Flexible workplace practices, Empowerment, Quality assurance, Leadership, Future thinking, High quality, Low cost, Reduction in wastage, Punctuality. Zara as organization has almost all the elements of Kaizen. As we have seen, Zara has efficient Just in time running also they are more customer focused as there most of the designs are made according to the customers demand. With the efficient JIT system Zara has reduced the wastage in the company. Most of the Zaras products are lower in cost with good quality. Zara always follows flexible workplace practices. 4.0 CONCLUSION: Competitive advantage and ability to face new challenges in fashion clothing industry gives Zara the potential growth. Zara has the key elements like just in time, its structure and Kaizen which enables them for having Total Quality Management (TQM) in the company. They also have the strong and unique business model which helps them to keep operating income elevated and gives the opportunity for growth in retail industry. They are known for their trendy and well priced new apparels every week. In the America they are seen as growing fashion retailers. The Inditex research and development team is continuously working on methods of expansion as well as keep themselves fresh in the fashion apparel industry and also quality improvement. Many fashion retailer industries trying to follow Zaras business model. 5.0 RECOMMENDATION: Zara has to look for new expansion opportunity to maintain its growth. There is growth opportunity for Zara in the U.S. market with the constant change in behavior of the customers as a result of the globalization. Zara should think about opening the distribution centre in U.S. which can give them the opportunity to be the trendiest and low price retailer in U.S. Also this distribution centre will be the expansion of Zaras centralized distribution centre. This can give them added income which Zara can use for other purpose like advertisement to capture the market. To attract the U.S. market, Zara can take the online selling approach which will enable them to reach to the customers very efficiently. Although they wont be able to whole product range available on internet but they can keep some trendy cloths with some basic cloths. For the cannibalization Zara can offer different product range for the different geographical location. In this case each store will have some different range of product which can attract the customers to visit the different Zara stores in the same city. Appendix 1: Inditex Management Structure Source: Inditex Appendix 2: Cycle Time Compression through quick response. Source: Inditex Appendix 3: Zaras Business Model. Source: Case writer. Appendix 4: Product Precommitments: Zara vs. Traditional Industry. Source: Inditex Appendix 5: Zaras Supply chain Trend spotters search for new fashion trends and ideas for new designs. Inputs from the sales personnel about customers demands. Delivered to stores. Fabric is cut and dyed, marked for sewing (outsourced) and marketed. More than two hundred designers and production managers work on the new line. Headquarter consolidates the information and decide on design, fabric, etc. Garment production in Northern Portugal and Spain. Sourced from: fashionnet.org

My First Host Family :: Personal Narrative Studying Abroad Essays

My First Host Family The situation I was presented with was somewhat ironic. In preparation for my departure to Study Service Term in Costa Rica, I worried a great deal about my first host family. Would they be mean? Would I be able to understand their Spanish? Would I like their food? These were the main concerns for me then. At no time did I stop to consider that it might be difficult to leave my first host family, the thought never entered my head. After all, they were not really my family, why should it be hard? I was in a different country, thousands of miles away from the land of my birth, yet I had become so comfortable that it was hard to break away. So much of this place had left an impact on me that I didn’t want to consider leaving. These people took me, a total stranger, into their home, gave me food and shelter, and in only six short weeks made me feel like a genuine part of their family. I may not have understood before, but I was forced to deal with it now: this would be one of the longest nights of my life. Facing the inevitable, I said goodnight to my family as I did every other evening, and headed towards my room for the night. The hot sun had given way to the night, and crickets now sang in the infinite blackness outside my window. The curtains danced as cool, sweet breezes leaked effortlessly into my room, helping to calm my shaky soul. Yet I lay there for an eternity, eyes fixed on the intricate patterns of cracks in the ceiling as the wonders and worries of what was to come now swirled through my head. How would I make it for another six weeks? What would my next family be like? How could I possibly be as happy there as I was here? I finally fell asleep, but not the deep sleep that cleanses and offers comfort, rather a shallow trance tormented by visions and dreams, thoughts and emotions, fears and concerns. I traveled in and out of consciousness, seeking unsuccessfully to grasp something to hold onto, something stable in my life. The house was dark and motionless when my alarm jerked me out of slumber; my father, brother and sister had all left for the day already. I rose unrefreshed and headed for the bathroom, feeling as if I hadn’t slept at all.

Rhetoric in Writing and Audience

Rhetoric is the study of effective speaking and writing. It is the art of persuasion and many other things. Over its long history there have been many different definitions of rhetoric, which stretches back to the Ancient Greeks and Romans in particular. In its long and vigorous history rhetoric has enjoyed many definitions, accommodated differing purposes, and varied widely in what it included. And yet, for most of its history it has maintained its fundamental character as a discipline for training students 1) to perceive how language is at work orally and in writing, and 2) to become proficient in applying the resources of language in their own speaking and writing. To see how language and thought worked together, however, it has first been necessary to artificially divide content and form what is said and how we say it. How we say things is precisely the way in which we ensure that our desired meaning has been transmitted to others, so there can be no passing on of ideas without also taking into account lexis. Because rhetoric examines so attentively the how of language, the methods and means of communication, it has sometimes been discounted as something only concerned with style or appearances, and not with the quality or content of communication. For many (such as Plato) rhetoric deals with the superficial at best, the deceptive at worst (â€Å"mere rhetoric†), when one might better attend to matters of substance, truth, or reason as attempted in dialectic or philosophy or religion. Rhetoric studies the effectiveness of language comprehensively, including its emotional impact, as much as its propositional content. Why Rhetoric is Important? The importance of rhetoric provides significant changes in the areas of learning and the development of a persons and institutions. The study of rhetoric, nearly continuous over 2500 years, has always been central to the objectives of a liberal arts curriculum. Extending that study to film, television, protests, politics, debates, philosophy and all forms of discourse has advanced such study into the 21st century. Here are the following reasons why the study of rhetoric is essentially important. It gives scientific writing a focus on argument in scientific debate Numerous studies have called attention to the importance of rhetoric in scientific writing by focusing on arguments presented in scientific debate articles. Rhetorical analysis and textual analysis stress the importance of studying scientific writing to provide better instruction of students learning the genres of academic writing. For example, Swales describes the difficulties of novice researchers or students with English as a second language in learning the literary conventions of American journals. Gusfield is one of the early writers to argue that scientific methods courses should include the study of literary techniques as well as statistical procedures. Davis subscribes to a similar view in that he claims only to be formally describing a model that he believes many social scientists intuitively or inadvertently follow. Davis argues that a conscious awareness of the importance of defining and then denying audience assumptions would ‘increase the Interesting Quotient (I. Q. ) of their discipline relative to the Interesting Quotient of other disciplines. It enables to better understand the processes of communication. Rhetoric is a subject of importance because its study enables us to better understand the processes of communication that underpin decision making in free societies. Judgments on matters of public policy take their cues from rhetoric, and so an understanding of any society's rhetoric will tell us a lot about its ideas, beliefs, laws, customs and assumptions – especially how and why such social features came into being. We don't typically think of it this way, but every law that is on our record books began as an act of rhetorical undertaking by some public or private citizen trying to fix a problem. Statutes and policies are the ends; rhetoric is the means. If law is the architecture of public life, rhetoric is the art that brings it into being. We don't typically think of it this way, but every law that is on our record books began as an act of rhetorical undertaking by some public or private citizen trying to fix a problem. Statutes and policies are the ends; rhetoric is the means. If law is the architecture of public life, rhetoric is the art that brings it into being. It serves as a means for public deliberation about public issues Those who identify rhetoric primarily with ornament, passion, specious argument and deceit, and even those who defend rhetoric as a desirable alternative or supplement to legal reasoning, fail to do justice to the signal importance of rhetoric in the ancient world as a means for public deliberation about public issues under conditions of uncertainty. Despite Plato's famous criticisms of rhetoric as mere flattery, the ancient world well understood that rhetoric had a substantive as well as a stylistic dimension; hence the common association of rhetoric with the merely stylistic aspects of deliberation is entirely misleading. It provides as a precursor for the semiotic study of communication Under the influence of Structuralism, rhetoric has been seen as a precursor for the semiotic study of communication, as in the work of Genette and the Rhetorique generale by a group of scholars headed by J. Dubois. More in keeping with the pragmatic nature of ancient rhetoric, Chaim Perelman and L. Olbrechts-Tyteca attempt in their La Nouvelle Rhetorique (1958) to formulate a modern rhetoric of persuasive argumentation. At the other end of the spectrum, writers associated with Post-Structuralism stress the playful, subversive side of the subject. And finally, the 1980s saw the revived use of explicitly rhetorical models in composition classes in secondary schools to combat an apparent decline in pupils' communication skills. How to Apply Rhetoric in Writing? In order for a writer to know how to apply rhetoric to his writing, he must first know and understand the fundamental forms of persuasive appeals, encompassing forms and rhetoric devices. Persuasive Appeals According to Aristotle, rhetoric is â€Å"the ability, in each particular case, to see the available means of persuasion. He described three main forms of rhetoric: Logos, or the appeal to reason; Pathos, or the appeal to emotion; and Ethos, or the appeal to character. Logos, pathos, and ethos are completely different, yet, they all correlate. In order to be a more effective writer, you must understand these three terms. Logos meant more in ancient Greek than logic or reasoning, it meant â€Å"thought plus action†. It appeals to patterns, conventions, and modes of reasoning that the audience finds convincing and persuasive. Ideally, a writer should be able to persuade someone based solely upon reason. Although the ability to reason and to think are abstractly two of humanity’s defining characteristics, we are often guided by our passions—even if they lead to our ruin. Pathos is appeal to emotion. a writer needs to consider the things that the listeners value, need, hope for, fear, and so on; once the writer understands the things they care about, he or she can show how what the readers is asked to do is in accord with values they already hold. Ethos is your persona or â€Å"image† as a writer—your ethical character. If a writer communicates good will, good character, and good judgment, the reader will be far more likely to trust him or her. Trust is at the heart of effective communication, and without careful attention to ethos, the effectiveness of the other two modes of persuasion — logos and pathos — is also diminished. Encompassing Terms Next a writer should learn apply the three-ways, of rhetoric in the larger sense. Which can be distinguished between: Kairos, or the occasions to write, which include considerations like the contexts for piece of writing, while audience, or who will read it, looks at where a discourse may take place. Decorum, or fitting words and subject together, lastly, deals with making appropriate use of rhetoric, depending on both kairos and audience. Kairos is an ancient Greek word meaning the â€Å"right or opportune moment†. You should take time to consider what possible considerations for a piece of writings. Isocrates writes that educated people are those â€Å"who manage well the circumstances which they encounter day by day, and who possess a judgment which is accurate in meeting occasions as they arise and rarely misses the expedient course of action†. As a writer you should develop the ability to adapt to and take advantage of changing, contingent circumstances of your environment. Audience, all rhetorically oriented discourse is composed in light of those who will hear or read that discourse. Or, in other words, rhetorical analysis always takes into account how an audience shapes the composition of a text or responds to it. As writer you should choose an appropriate subject to the prospective readers. Make sure that your reader is appropriate to your purpose, because when it’s not your ideas will just be set aside. Decorum, lastly, refers the appropriateness of style to subject. It involves a range of social, linguistic, aesthetic, and ethical proprieties for both the creators and critics of writing. Each of these must be balanced against each other strategically in order to be successful in understanding or creating discourse. A writer should learn the degree appropriateness or suitability on the use of his words and language in his writing, to enable the interest of the readers to his own discourse. Rhetorical Devices. Good writing depends upon more than making a collection of statements worthy of belief, because writing is intended to be read by others, with minds different from your own. A writer should know how is to get through his readers–or even to be read and considered at all–it must be interesting, clear, persuasive, and memorable, so that he will pay attention to, understand, believe, and remember the ideas it communicates. To apply rhetoric in writing you must know, learn, and understand rhetorical devices in how they have be employed, as well as learning how to use them ourselves. The following are common rhetorical devices used in writing. Apophasis Apophasis asserts or emphasizes something by pointedly seeming to pass over, ignore, or deny it. This device has both legitimate and illegitimate uses. Legitimately, a writer uses it to call attention to sensitive or inflammatory facts or statements while he remains apparently detached from them. Example: 1) Luckily we need not discuss my opponent’s marital infidelities when evaluating his claim to hold the moral high ground. ) I would call you a liar and a cheat if you weren’t my best friend. Aporia Aporia expresses doubt about an idea or conclusion. Its several uses are the suggesting of alternatives without making a commitment to either or any. Such a statement of uncertainty can tie off a piece of discussion you do not have time to pursue, or it could begin an examination of the issue, and lead you into a conclusion resolving your doubt: 1) I have not been able to come to a decision about the new policy, since there seem to be good arguments both for and against it. ) I am not sure whether to side with those who say that higher taxes reduce inflation or with those who say that higher taxes increase inflation. Asyndetons and Polysyndetons Asyndeton is consists of omitting conjunctions between words, phrases, or clauses. In a list of items, asyndeton gives the effect of unpremeditated multiplicity, of an extemporaneous rather than a labored account: On his return he received medals, honors, treasures, titles, fame. Polysyndeton, the opposite of asyndetons, is the use of a conjunction between each word, phrase, or clause, and is thus structurally the opposite of asyndeton. The rhetorical effect of polysyndeton, however, often shares with that of asyndeton a feeling of multiplicity, energetic enumeration, and building up. Example: They read and studied and wrote and drilled. I laughed and played and talked and flunked. Enthymemes Enthymemes is a figure of reasoning in which one or more statements of a syllogism (a three-pronged deductive argument) is/are left out of the configuration; an abbreviated syllogism or truncated deductive argument in which one or more premises, or, the conclusion is/are omitted. Ex: 1) Since she lost the case, she must have been guilty. ) There are only two options available to us and we have seen that the first failed. Expletives Expletive it is a figure of emphasis in which a single word or short phrase, usually interrupting normal speech, is used to lend emphasis to the words on either side of the expletive. Typical examples include: in fact, of course, to be sure, indeed, I suppose, I hope, you know, you see, clearly, in a ny event, in effect, certainly, remarkably. Metanoia Metanoia qualifies a statement by recalling it (or part of it) and expressing it in a better, milder, or stronger way. A negative is often used to do the recalling. Example: 1) Your proposal will affect everyone is this area, or even the entire region. 2) You fail to realize the impact of these measures – or at least you have not considered the consequences in enough depth. Parallelism and Chiasmus Parallelism is recurrent syntactical similarity. Several parts of a sentence or several sentences are expressed similarly to show that the ideas in the parts or sentences are equal in importance. Parallelism also adds balance and rhythm and, most importantly, clarity to the sentence. Example: Quickly and happily he walked around the corner to buy the book. Chiasmus might be called â€Å"reverse parallelism,† since the second part of a grammatical construction is balanced or paralleled by the first part, only in reverse order. Example: He labors without complaining and without bragging rests. Questions: Hypophora, Rhetorical and Procatalepsis Hypophora is one or more questions is/are asked and then answered, often at length, by one and the same speaker; raising and responding to one's own question(s). Example: 1) What are the consequences of such an approach to history? There are several, of which the most important is†¦ 2) What then shall we say that Abraham, our forefather, discovered in this matter?. . . What does the Scripture say? â€Å"Abraham believed God. –Rom. 4:1, 3 (NIV) Rhetorical Question is a question which ask, not for the purpose of further discussion, but to assert or deny an answer implicitly; a question whose answer is obvious or implied. Example: What kind of person would bet against the sun rising tomorrow, though? Procatalepsis is when questions are asked and answered by the writer or speaker, usually by anticipating objections: It is typically suggested that this team will lack the strength in midfield to cope with the opposition, but this neglects the experience gained in the recent tour against†¦ Analogies, Metaphors and Similes Analogy is a kind of extended metaphor or long simile in which an explicit comparison is made between two things (events, ideas, people, etc) for the purpose of furthering a line of reasoning or drawing an inference; a form of reasoning employing comparative or parallel cases. Example: You may abuse a tragedy, though you cannot write one. You may scold a carpenter who has made you a bad table, though you cannot make a table. It is not your trade to make tables. Metaphor is figure of explication occurring when a comparison made by speaking of one thing in terms of another; an implied comparison between two different things which share at least one attribute in common; an association between two unlike things (A vs. B) achieved by borrowing the language that refers to thing A and applying it to thing B. Example: Then Jesus declared, â€Å"I am the bread of life. † –John 6:35 [And compare the use of metaphor in 6:32-63] Simile is a comparison between two different things that resemble each other in at least one way. In formal prose the simile is a device both of art and explanation, comparing an unfamiliar thing to some familiar thing (an object, event, process, etc. ) known to the reader. Example: After such long exposure to the direct sun, the leaves of the houseplant looked like pieces of overcooked bacon. Hyperbole, Litotes and Understatement Hyperbole is ,the counterpart of understatement, deliberate exaggeration of a person, thing, quality, event to emphasize a point external to the object of exaggeration; intentional exaggeration for rhetorical effect. Example: There were millions of people at the bus stop today. Litotes is an understatement formed by the denial of an opposite. This sounds confusing but is actually quite straightforward and a common rhetorical device. For example: Performances like that from the All Blacks are not uncommon. Understatement deliberately expresses an idea as less important than it actually is, either for ironic emphasis or for politeness and tact. When the writer's audience can be expected to know the true nature of a fact which might be rather difficult to describe adequately in a brief space, the writer may choose to understate the fact as a means of employing the reader's own powers of description. For example: 1) I think there may be some additional factors that you may not have accounted for. 2) Your analysis is far too simplistic. Amplification Amplification involves repeating a word or expression while adding more detail to it, in order to emphasize what might otherwise be passed over. In other words, amplification allows you to call attention to, emphasize, and expand a word or idea to make sure the reader realizes its importance or centrality in the discussion. For example: This orchard, this lovely, shady orchard, is the main reason I bought this property. In conclusion lots of practice and experimentation are necessary to develop your rhetorical ability. A best way to experiment is writing in a journal or notebook. Consistency in doing such experiment will develop a natural ability and theory or art in rhetorical aspect. Remember that rhetorical devices are aids to writing and not ends of writing. Further, if used carelessly or excessively or too frequently, almost any one of these devices will probably seem affected, dull, awkward, or mechanical. But with a little care and skill, developed by practice, anyone can master them, and their use will add not just beauty and emphasis and effectiveness to your writing, but a kind of freedom of thought and expression you never imagined possible.

Personal Learning and Capacity Essay

Reading through the following pages you are able to see my weekly entries of the text I read. My interpretations and questions that occurred towards reading, my initial reactions or developments after reading and some conclusions about text and literacy. As a person I never really enjoy literature. I am not the kind of person who enjoy reading big books or long articles because is difficult for me just to know that I had to read a very long article and remember it. When I saw a big one-coloured cover book I connecting it with small letters, no space between the lines that is hard to read it and remembers me an encyclopaedia. I was always prefer reading numbers due to that I like very much maths and science. There is no long theory to remember. So as you can see on the following journal, my reading collection is very limited on books and long text except whenever is needed. Regarding the way, where and how I read, depends on what I am reading. (see Appendix 4, p.17). When the reading had to do with study I have to be very concentrate and I prefer to sit straight on a chair and open all the books and papers on a big desk. This helping me to underline or write down useful key words. On the other hand reading as a hobby, I prefer to read when is dark, lying in my bed and holding my book. In addition I find it excellent trick to listen to the music when I am reading in both ways. I like to put smooth, chill out music, because it eliminates all the rest noises and distractions and help me to get clear mind from other things I might thinking. According to first’s week directed task I had to write everything that I read for a week. The following are reflections of the most important kinds of texts I read, and those that made me reconsidered the way I looked them before. A list of other kinds of texts I gathered and a short reflection, are available in Appendix 1, p.14. As well, on the following pages you can find, my reflections towards next weeks directed activities. Entry: Even though that cooking instructions are in written form are also available to read in the form of small representing pictures. Doing this activity I notice that when I am looking for the cooking instructions my eyes always focus on that tiny pictures and can’t see the written form of the instructions. Is the first think I looked for and I realized that my eyes used to focus there first. Then I had to explore those pictures in my mind to understand the preparation for cooking the product. â€Å" Image can be used to reinforce the meaning of what is said, what is written and so on† (Jewitt, 2005 p.316). In addition I notice that after seen the pictures I look for the written form too, to make sure that I read and understand the pictures right. Entry: It just came into my mind a funny situation I had with cooking instructions, when I first came to England. Now I am not really sure if it is good idea to put it in the log but is shows the difference of reading a text, expectations, and differences between cultures, ideologies and perspectives. You can see the above funny incident by reading Appendix 2 p.15. Entry: Text messages and e-mails, that I send to my friends back to Cyprus contained a lot of information in just few sentences. I have so many to say and is a bit expensive to send messages. Due to that I limited my words by putting symbols, write only the first letter or just the half word. (instead â€Å"and† I use the symbol +). After I read again those messages I send, I realized that if someone else was reading them couldn’t be able to understand them. This is because of the â€Å"code† of the written form and the long background and ideologies that are connecting me and my friends. For example in my first message I wrote â€Å"how is c.† , but only she is able to understand the name of the person I asked about. I also recognized that in just five sentences -that represent a whole message- I wrote so many things, that if I was writing them to a paper and to someone else it would take me probably 10 sentence to write them all. Though I prefer e-mails more than the messages, because is free, and I can  write as many sentence I want in just one e-mail and send it when I feel like. â€Å"With e-mail you just write your message and send it.. Even during the early hours of the morning† (Lyle, 2005).E-mail offers fast receipt and enables the recipient to reply immediately. In addition I can write it more easier and quicker using the keyboard and looking through a bigger and more clear screen. Furthermore I can add emotions in the style of J and use from a large list of font style and size and even colour. Even though I use more Msn to communicate with my friends due to the fact that it has the same advantages as e-mailing and in addition I can send those things I write and take reply back at the same time. Is like speaking by the phone but in written form. Also I can send and take files and connect a web camera to see each other. Entry: Considering second week’s directed activity on session 2, I choose â€Å"Vampires Breath† (Greek Version) of â€Å"Goosebumps† collection to cope with the activity for identifying the ideological assumptions within its text. (see Appendix 3 p.16 for a short summary) â€Å"Vampires breath† put me in the action part from the first pages and all the action happened in only one day (in the story). Stine is very illustrative within the story because is putting many descriptions to the story’s persons and places that it seems like you can imagine them as real, as you can see them now, in reality. The motivation theory proposed by Glenberg and Langston (1992) also suggest that â€Å"illustrations may make a book more appealing and engage the reader better† (Cited in Andrews, Scharff and Moses, 2002). There is a lot of conversation and I had the feeling that I was taking part in the story and this make me curious to read more and see what happens after to the main characters. Also the double identity of the â€Å"bad† characters, who could transformed their appearance from human into buds and the tricks they were doing to trapped the 2 heroes, just made me to want to finish it. The main characters are small children that get trapped from their curiosity and naivety of searching places and things that not supposed to do. The â€Å"happy ending† though is show up at the very last pages and I like it because it gives hope that things are going to be happy again  but also leaves a hind that things are going to repeat again from the same mistake. A weird and peculiar ending that allocates a twist in the tail. Even that it was a kind of low level to me, reading the book it make me wondered, what can be happened again to those two kids. Children that the book refers to (9-12) by reading it can find themselves into the heroes situations and bad positions that might have. Reading this book I remembered mine childhood phobias and related with those in the story, and this what makes the story more interesting. Children can encountered within the story’s heroes and happenings because they can feel the same in their life as the heroes and have the simila r phobias. Moreover I notice that the good and nice language and vocabulary is approaching with the children’s age ability to read and also can reflect positive to improve their language and reading skills. With the use of big letters and large space between the lines it helps me to read it more easily and quick. For children will be very appealing and smooth to read. The soft cover, full of bright colours, is the first thing I notice to choose to read the certain book, its cover’s appearance is something that make you wonder what is the story about. Genette (1997) comes to agree by saying that â€Å"a book’s cover is a threshold that a reader is invited to interpret and step across if induced to read on† (Cited in Harris and McKenzie, 2005 p.32) Additionally I enjoyed read this book because I like scary horror books like this collection, and also I can get very afraid sometimes and at the same time so excited. Entry: In view of directed activities of session 3 you can refer to Appendix 4, p.17-24 which include detailed answers, information and reflections regarding both online texts and my personal appreciations on ways of reading, my fears, and my imagination journey. The following are short reflections from the activities as whole, based on the following two main questions: What are the essential differences between reading on line and the more traditional way How these books (texts) tell us about the nature of childhood The Secret Garden as well as The Journey to the Centre of the Earth were easy to cope with by reading online. The vocabulary and language were easy to read and comprehend, apart from 3-4 words I didn’t know (and I had to look for their meaning in a dictionary). I find harder to understand The Secret Garden because of the conversation that was held between the interact persons of the story. It was very complicated to understand them due to there were missing some letters. I had to read all the dialogues again and again for 5-6 times until I understand what actually was written on the lines. I realize then that this was the dialect of the story’s heroes. Although reading onscreen those text was much easier for me because I am a big fun of technology and especially of computers. I find it more relax and quick due to the fact that just by pressing one button you can transfer from the top of the page and through the lines until the bottom of the page and also to turn on to the next page. Letters and generally the whole view was more clear to read and easily could copy and paste the unknown words in my pc’s dictionary. Even if technology is developing more each day to help us, I can outline some disadvantages towards the traditional way of reading a text, ex from books. Through my online reading there were missing colourful covers of the books, and as I mentioned in a previous entry book’s covers are very important as a first impression of the text. And this is because covers are the first thing you see and considered when you are going to buy or read a book. The illustrations of pictures which help you to empathize better the story’s happening didn’t included on screen. Although Jewitt (2005, p329) argues about online book’s illustrations by saying that â€Å"The multimode character of the screen does not indicate a single entry point, beginning or end. This offers the reader new potentials for reading a text. Reading a written text on pages is usually a linear event in which the author and illustrator guide the eye in particular direction connected to the reading of the text† Another thing is that the lines are too long and sometimes, people that don’t used to it can get bored and tired only by looking them. In addition another disadvantage is that you can’t save this texts to your library collection except if you keep your pc’s library with books and text from internet. Although is much nicer to collect the original  books in your house library and have them for a life. The Secret Garden and The Journey to the Centre of the Earth are showing the writers’ thoughts and appreciations about the world and the aspect of child, considering the matter of friendship and cultural perspectives on children behaviours. In my opinion, the matter of friendship appeared more clear in the Secret Garden, than in the Journey in the Centre of the Earth. In the first text, the Heroine is a young children that was neglected during her life. Although Mary finds someone to socialised with, in Dickon’s personality, even if he is from lower social class. The matter of friendship also reflect on me and make me bring in mind my own appreciations of friendship. Is showing that it doesn’t matter how rich you are in money or goods, but how rich you are in sole. Also that children supposed to be free from ideologies and believes of their environment and social background. As a children, Mary is more free and innocent than adults to do things and she is not afraid to be friend with â€Å"a common moor boy†. (See Appendix 4, p.19-20). I find secret garden revealing my perceptions because I believe that friends are very important, especially in childhood but in adolescence too. Making friends we have someone to socialize talk, laugh and do things together. Furthermore is showing the author’s perspective towards the child, to be free, good innocent, and free from taboos and in one word to be perfect as Dickon. Although Dickon’s description make me feel that he is not a real person maybe because no one can be perfect in everything. Mary in the other hand appears to be more natural person in contrast with the â€Å"magical† description of Dickon. Mary feels free inside the garden which becomes her new home. The secret garden is a place of adventure and everything inside it is perfect and this is one of the reason that Mary shares her secret with the magic, and good child, Dickon. All this also showing what readers expect to see about the child. How readers interpret and expect childhood years to be and that children supposed to be good and innocent . Although reading the second text make me engage with it more because as a children I had almost the same feelings and phobias as Alex (See Appendix 4, p.22-23).â€Å"Readers interstitial backgrounds provide resources for engaging with text, even  amongst young children† (Crawford and Hade, 2000, Cited in Harris and McKenzie, 2005, p. 32) Another thing that can be reveal from the texts is adults’ role in children lives even that is more evident in the second text. Adults are the persons who are expected to be responsible and take decisions about children’s future. In the Secret Garden Mary forced to go and live in another house because she didn’t have the power not to. That’s why Mary keeps the garden as a secret place. The author wants to express that when adults are in a situation they like to control and force things and that’s why the magic perfect secret garden is only for innocent, good children. This is more obvious in â€Å"The journey in the Centre of the Earth† when the hero, Alex, who is a young children and nephew of an eccentric scientist feel very terrify and scared about, both him and his uncle lives, during their experimental purposed journey. In front of the exhaustion, thirst and hunger Alex is fainted and his uncle giving him the last drops of water, to bring him back. The Professor do not considered his thirsty because, as an adult had to take care Alex first. After Alex is terrified and express by crying his fears about the uncertain and unknown remained of the journey, his uncle take the control and the responsibility for Alex and decide to send him back to earth with the servant‘s help, to be safe. The professor still insist to stay and continue his journey, because as a scientist was so curious and determined and nothing could stop him not even the fear of death. After all, Alex do not agree with his uncle and choose to travel along with him because he didn’t want to give up or letting down his uncle. This appeared as a conflict with the first text when Mary couldn’t choose the place to move, although Alex took his decision because he might was afraid to leave without his uncle. Here, Alex is having the change to do what he wants but he refused it. and he choose to stay knowing that his uncle will do anything to protect him. Entry: First time listen to the song â€Å"I aint mad at cha† by Tupac Shakur, I have to admit that I didn’t understand a lot of what Tupac was saying apart from the chorus. Although I don’t really listen to rap music I find it very nice and  different from other songs. It sound like a smooth, sweet melody into my ears, considering the background melody of a piano. I couldn’t believe the combination of rap music with piano, although it was something that attract me. Before seeing the video clip of the song I thought that 2puc was talking to a friend that lay him down and Tupac wanted him know that he has no harm feeling for him. First time I watch the song’s video clip I was very amazing. Surprising, the clip was a expressing a very different believes of what I first encountered. The video shows Tupac being punctured with bullets on his way, coming out of a restaurant with a friend. He is dying in the ambulance vehicle and he is attend into heaven who meets some people , probably some famous legends or relatives. The film was something like Tupac knew that he was going to be killed and seeing his life in Heaven. It seems a kind of prefigured his death. Watching the film make me feel sad and miserable about his tragic end. It was very pessimistic film for someone to make and for others to see, especially after his actual death, hence he is appearing laughing, smoking, and be in Heaven in the clip. Also I saw his thoughts about how he considered the life after death and the image of Heaven and make me somehow confident about my thoughts and appreciations of the life after death in Heaven. Somehow my thoughts were revealing in the film illustrations. Despite the brutal language and street words Tupac is expressing, through the song lyrics an optimistic and hopeful massage towards his friends and relatives and then to the rest audience. ABT indicates some of the music video characteristics by claim that: â€Å"They must gain and hold the viewer’s attention †¦ help establish, visualize, or maintain the artist’s image†¦ and perhaps, carry one or several direct or indirect messages . . .† (Cited in Rybacki and Rybacki) Through the lyrics, Tupac conveys that the change of getting out from the ghetto life, is not something bad or to be ashamed of. He has no harm feelings, he is not mad with friends that been a lot of time to talk, friends that change and get out of the streets, friends that get married, find a religion and get matured. Tupac is not mad with them for not doing the â€Å"bad† things and habits they used to do together, because they change.  He has nothing but love for them. Analysing the song I realize that a large amount of life’s values and ethical ideals were encountered in it, by just few words. The matter of religion, friendship, love, the role of the mother, and the value of God. Also the lyrics are expressing the stereotype of rap music containing offensive language between the â€Å"brothers†, a nice contribution of conflict words between the bad and good, the male and female, material world and God. An optimistic ending that he is praying for the good fortune of all. The very last sentence showing that in Tupac’s efforts to display a meaning to his family, friends and enemies that he is not mad with them and don’t want them to be sad for his lost, the song meanings refers also, to those that lost their loved ones! The song script is available in Appendix 6 p.27 Entry: I was watching an episode from The Coffee shop series and it really make me reconsidered it from a whole different aspect during this activity.  The â€Å"Coffee Shop† (or â€Å"Kafeneio†* see Appendix 5, p.25 and p.25-26 for a summary of the film) is one of the most known comic series in Cyprus. All episodes are take place in the Kafeneio and showing in a funny way, some special aspects of Cypriot people’s characters. When I am in Cyprus I never watching it because there are some other new series which catch my interest. Although this day I was very miserable and sad, with nothing to do so I decide to watch Kafeneio through internet from the satellite channel of Cyprus. The episode title was â€Å"The Fiancà ©Ã¢â‚¬ . Andreas who always trying to find cheating ways to earn money decide to married his just few days girlfriend who was a rich old women reaching death. Saying that he is truly in love with her. Although they never rich marriage because the old women dies after the party. At the end Andreas ends up with no money and owns the funeral’s costs. Watching Kafeneio made me crying from laugh because of the story’s reversed happenings and the good ability of the actresses to play with in the hilarious situation. Even though laugh its all you can expect from this type of series, I also felt like home watching it. The traditional coffee, the language, the very strong Cypriot dialect, the place of Kafeneio, and the whole scene make me feel for a moment that I was back in Cyprus. Although Kafeneio is considered only for entertainment for those who  watching it, I realised that many cultural, ethical and moral issues can express from it. Good friends are always there to help you in difficult times and also the traditions of wearing black clothes for grieving death. Another thing is that money you never work hard for, can easily lost as quick as you earned them. You have to earn your money by working hard and not trying to earn them by deceitful and cheating innocent people. Entry†¦ During the module’s assessment of online presentation, as a group we choose to based our research on Cinderella story. And this, because, all group members could related with the text as it was present in our childhoods even though my group was representing 3 different cultures, countries and age groups. Doing the actual online presentation things became very complicate considering the way to present it. We wanted to make it very attractive to the audience and easy to reflect in and understand. At the beginning the presentation was going to held in Power point accompanied with animations, pictures and music. As I said in previous entry, pictures are helping the reader to comprehend better the written part, and show better some key-issues. This was going to help audience to concentrate on the themes we wanted to express more. The animations will make it more attractive to the audience and the music was going to drift and drawn them into the story itself smoothly and easier. Although we realized that doing it in power point it might produced a probability of confusion towards the audience and make a mess during their efforts to follow it. So we change our mind and decided to do it in movie maker as a video. With the movie film we wanted to make it easier to follow by the reader, without being confused or distracted from the importance of the written text, by clicking buttons. We also considered that it was going to be even more easier and relaxed for the reader to enhanced more, accompanied with music. (Much alike as watching a short video or movie, by sitting back and enjoy it.) In addition we thought that if we were using a Cinderella’s song from only one version of the Cinderella story (Disney’s song) it would be so unfair  and narrow-minded because the four versions that we analysed in the presentation are all of the same importance with their own special characteristics. So we choose a chill out instrumental music without speaking words for avoiding the readers’ thoughts to concentrate on music words and do not follow what we expressing throughout the presentation. Although it was hard to find that special song because we wanted one that its effects to go along with the page transactions and pictures and also focused on the most important information we include within the text. Another thing that was with vary importance was the time we supposed to give to our audience to read the written part of the presentation. We wanted to make sure that it was enough time to read them before the next slide show up. So we double-check the time providing for each written text by using a third slow-reader person, whose English is his second language. With this we make sure that the providing time was enough for all of our audience potentials to read. 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Available from: URL: http://writing.colostate.edu/references/documents/email/pop5d.cfm [Last viewed December 2005] Lyrics and songs, â€Å"Tupac- I’ aint mad at cha† (Remix) [www]http://www.lyricsandsongs.com/song/135052.html Rybacki,C. K., and Rybacki, J. D., (1999),â€Å"Cultural approaches to the rhetorical analysis of selected music videos† Northern Michigan UniversityAvailable from:URL:http://www.sibetrans.com/trans/trans4/rybacki.htm[Last viewed November 2005] Stine, R.L., (1996), â€Å"Goosebumps: Vampire Breath†, Parachute Press Inc, New York USA Greek version: copyright by Kerdos 1998 SySat, RIK Chanel, (2005), CoffeShop: The Fiance [www]http://www.tv4all.com/portal.htm?http://www.tv4all.com/television/index.html?http://www.tv4all.com/television/55.htm[Last viewed November 2005] Verne, J., â€Å"Journey to the Centre of the Earth- The wrong road† [www]http://jv.qilead.org.il/vt/c_earth/18.html[Last viewed October 2005]